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64/128 VIEW 


The 64 has always been kind of a 
barnstorming computer—just plug it in and 
fly by the seat of your pants. 


Tom Netsel 


few months ago in 
this column, | was la- 
menting the fact that 
the number of new re- 
leases for the 64 had 
slowed to a pitiful trickle. 
Gone are the days when doz- 
ens of new titles from major 
developers vied for space 
on our review shelf. 

In that column | suggest- 
ed that smaller companies 
might take advantage of 
this calm to submit copies 
of their programs for review. 
Now that the big houses 
have moved into the IBM 
camp, smaller operations 
with one or two 64 products 
have a better chance for cov- 
erage in Gazette. 

| have contacted a num- 
ber of programmers and 
small publishers, and sever- 
al of them have taken me up 
on my offer. I'm happy to an- 
nounce that we now have a 
number of products on their 
way to our independent re- 
viewers for evaluation. So 
keep your eye on our review 
pages next year. We ha- 
ven't run out of good pro- 
grams after all. 

One small company to re- 
spond was Creative Pixels 
Limited of Library, Pennsylva- 
nia. It's a small firm headed 
by Jim Hilty, who sent a re- 
view copy of a new game 
called The Adventures of 
Eric Hawthorne, P.l. Hilty 
has done work in the past 
for Ahoy!, Commodore mag- 
azine, and Loadstar, so he 
knows his way around a 64. 
In fact, he's been around 
long enough to have some in- 
sight into the way 64 soft- 
ware has evolved. 

“It seems the software de- 
velopment for the 64 has 
gone full circle,” he writes, 
“from the small independent 
developer to the big corpo- 


rate image and now back to 
individuals. Maybe this is 
good. The 64 has always 
been kind of a barnstorming 
computer anyway—just 
plug it in and fly by the seat 
of your pants. It's a fun com- 
puter, a truly personal com- 
puter, a computer that an in- 
dividual can enjoy program- 
ming, a welcome friend.” 

Hilty makes some good 
points. In a way, | suppose 
the 64 is something like a 
barnstormer's airplane of yes- 
teryear. It's not too fast, not 
too fancy—but it's a solid lit- 
tle machine that can still 
coax an “Ooh!” or an "Ah!" 
out of onlookers. You can 
throw a couple of switches, 
hit a few keys, and dazzle 
your friends with what it can 
do. Oh, you may move on to 
something snazzier, fancier, 
and faster, but you'll always 
have fond memories of your 
first machine. 

Creative Pixels is not the 
only company that still sup- 
ports the 64. To help our 
readers track down Commo- 
dore products and service, 
Lisa Hayes, a 64 fan in Chi- 
cago, has compiled a buy- 
er's guide of more than 100 
such companies. This list- 
ing, which has been aug- 
mented by the Gazette 
staff, should prove to be a 
valuable resource for finding 
software, hardware, and serv- 
ice for your 64 or 128. You'll 
find the list on page G-3. 

Naturally, in a listing such 
as this, we're bound to omit 
some valid companies. I'll 
apologize in advance if 
your favorite firm is missing. 
So if you know of some com- 
panies that we've missed or 
if your firm handles 64 prod- 
ucts, contact me. We'll pre- 
Pare an updated supple- 
ment in a future issue. OO 


GAZETTE 


64/128 VIEW G-1 


Software development for the 64 comes full circle. 
By Tom Netsel. 


A BUYER’S GUIDE TO COMMODORE SOFTWARE, 
HARDWARE, AND SERVICES G-3 


Here's a convenient list of mail-order companies that 
handle Commodore hardware and software. 
Edited by Lisa Hayes. 


REVIEWS G-12 
Videofox and Invoice Writer II. 

WORLD VIEW G-16 
The Commodore scene in Hungary. 

By Geza Lucz. 

BEGINNER BASIC G-18 


Examine ways users can enter data into your programs. 
By Larry Cotton. 


MACHINE LANGUAGE G-19 


Try animation on a small scale by moving the pixels 
within a single character. 
By Jim Butterfield. 


FEEDBACK 


Questions and answers. 


GEOS 


Now that we've selected the ultimate in GEOS 
hardware, let's run some outstanding software. 
By Steve Vander Ark. 


PROGRAMMER’S PAGE G-24 


Watch a character design itself—if you have the time. 
By Randy Thompson. 


G-20 


G-22 


PROGRAMS 

DeMON G-25 
GEOS Text Scrap Maker G-32 
Tack Truck G-34 
Ham Antennas G-35 
Battleship 128 G-38 
Speedram-64 G-39 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE G-1 


PUMP UP 


YOUR PRODUCTIVITY! 


Harness the potential of your, 


64 and 128 with these 
powertul programs. 


Get more work out of your 64 and 128 
with these two new disk products from 
COMPUTE's Gazette — the 1992 
Best of Gazette Utilities, and 

the Gazette Graphics Grab 
Bag! 

The 1992 Best of 
Gazette Utilities 


Seize control of your operating 
system and your world! 


Here's what's on it-MetaBASIC 64, 
MetaBASIC 128, Quick, Sprint|l, 
Ultrafont+, RAMDisk 64, RAMDisk 128, 
BASSEM, SciCalc 64, List Formatter, 
MegaSqueeze. 


YE 


___The 1992 Best of Gazette Utilities 


I want to pump up my productivity! Please send me the 
@ disks checked below at $11.95 each. 


.| ___ The Gazette Graphics Grab Bag 
__ Subtotal 


___ Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appropriate sales tax for your 
area. Canadian orders, add 7% goods and services tax.) 


__ Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00 surface mail, $5.00 
airmail per disk.) 


_—— Total Enclosed 


; MasterCard and VISA accepted on orders with subtotal over $20. 


The Gazette Graphics 
Grab Bag 


Do it all with Commodore 

graphics! 
Here's what's on it— 
Starburst Graphics, 
Screen Designer 128, 
128 Graphics Compactor, 
64 Animator, VDC Graphics, 
Dissolve 128, Super Slideshow, 
128 Animator, 1526 PrintScreen, 
Supratechnic, Medium-Resolution 
Graphics, Screen Maker, GAS!64— 
Special Edition, GAS!128—Special 
Edition. 


___ Check or Money Order ___ MasterCard 


Credit Card No. Exp. Date 


Signature 


(Required) 


Daytime Telephone No. 


Name 


Address 


City 
State/Province 


ZIP/Postal Code 


Mail this coupon to COMPUTE's 1991 Utilities, 324 West Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, 
Greensboro, NC 27408. 


A BUYER'S GUIDE 10 COMMODORE 
SOFTWARE, HARDWARE, AND SERVICES 


Since finding items for a Commodore 64 or 128 is not as easy as it 
once was, we've compiled this listing of manufacturers 
and of dealers, distributors, and service companies that handle 
the Commodore line. While this list is by no means 
definitive, it should make your shopping easier and help you 
locate some hard-to-find products. 


Edited by Lisa Hayes 


Software and Hardware Distributors 


COMMODORE 

1200 Wilson Ave. 

West Chester, PA 19380 
(215) 431-9100 

Customer Support 

(800) 448-9987 

This is a 24-hour support line. 


TENEX 

P.O. Box 1813 

South Bend, IN 46660-6578 

(800) 352-2225 

Hardware and software. Free catalog. 


BRIWALL 

P.O, Box 129 

Kutztown, PA 19530 

(800) 766-5757 

Hardware and software. Free catalog. 


SOFTWARE SUPPORT INTERNATIONAL 
2700 NE Andresen Rd., Ste.A-10 
Vancouver, WA 98661 

(800) 356-1179 

Hardware and software. Free catalog. 


MONTGOMERY-GRANT 
P.O. Box 50 

Brooklyn, NY 11230 
(800) 759-6565 
Hardware. 


COMPSULT 

P.O, Box 3233 

San Luis Obispo, CA 93403-3233 
(800) 676-6616 


Discontinued software at bargain prices. 


Free catalog. 


SOFTWARE DISCOUNTERS 
INTERNATIONAL 

5607 Baum Blvd. 
Pittsburgh, PA 15206 

(800) 966-7734 

New software. Free catalog. 


TITUS SOFTWARE 

20432 Corisco St. 

Chatsworth, CA 91311 

(818) 709-3692 

New software, mainly European imports. 


COSMI 

431 N. Figueroa St. 

Wilmington, CA 90744 

(800) 765-5455 

Top 20 Software Tools, Top 20 Solid 
Gold Games—$14.95 each. 


CREATIVE MICRO DESIGNS 

50 Industrial Dr. 

P.O. Box 646 

E. Longmeadow, MA 01028 

(800) 638-3263 

Hard drives, Jiffy DOS, gateWay, 
RAMLink, RAMDOS, Swiftlink 232, SID 
Symphony Stereo Cartridge, and more. 


G-4. COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


JASON-RANHEIM 

3105 Gayle Ln. 

Auburn, CA 95603 

(800)421-7731 

(916) 878-0785 

EPROMs, cartridges, and other spe- 
cialized hardware. 


THE GRAPEVINE GROUP 

3 Chestnut St. 

Suffern, NY 10901 

(800) 292-7445 

Chips, power supplies, some books 
and VCR tapes. Free catalog. 


SKYLES ELECTRONIC WORKS 
231-E S. Whisman Rd. 
Mountain View, CA 94041 

(800) 227-9998 

Hardware and software. 


THE SOFT GROUP 

P.O. Box 111 

Montgomery, IL 60538 

(708) 851-6667 

Videobyte, Super Video, and more. 


8 BIT 

P.O, Box 542 

Lindenhurst, NY 11757 

(516) 957-1110 

Closeouts on commercial software. 
Discount prices. Free catalog. 


BROWN BOXES 

26 Concord Rd. 

Bedford, MA 01730 

(617) 275-0090 

Quick Brown Box battery-backed RAM 
cartridges 64K, 128K, and 256K. The 
Write Stuff word processor, Calc-QBB 
spreadsheet, and more. 


XETEC 

2804 Arnold St. 

Salina, KS 67401 

(913) 827-0685 
Hardware and software. 


SOFTWARE PLUS 

64 W. Cutts 

Biddeford, ME 04005 

(207) 284-9426 

Generic and original programs, hardware, 
and computer systems. Free catalog. 


RIO COMPUTERS 

3310 Berwyck St. 

Las Vegas, NV 89121 

(800) 782-9110 

Handyscan 64, MIDI 64, Advanced 
OCP Art Studio, Advanced Music 
System, and other products. 


GEOWORKS 

2150 Shattuck Ave. 

Berkeley, CA 94707 

(800) 443-0100 

GEOS and GEOS-related software. 


CODEWARE 

Box 3091 

Nashua, NH 03061 

Radio-oriented software and hard- 
ware, also EPROMs. Free information 
sheet. 


ELECTRO-TECH ELECTRONICS 

677 E. Main St. 

Ventura, CA 93001 

(805) 648-5417 

Hardware and software. Authorized 
Commodore dealer and service center. 


DELTA COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES 
55 S. Brett St. 

Beacon, NY 12508 

(800) 227-4051 

Hardware. 


SCHNEDLER SYSTEMS. 
P.O. BOX 5964 
Asheville, NC 28813 
(704) 274-4646 
Specialized hardware. 


SOFTWARE HUT 

2534 S, Broad St. 

Philadelphia, PA 19145 

(800) 848-0079 

(215) 462-2268 

Refurbished hardware, also some soft- 
ware. Write for current listing of Com- 
modore products. 


COMMODORE REPAIR SHOP 

3790 Knight St. 

Memphis, TN 38118 

(800) 448-9987 

New and reconditioned hardware. 
CRS offers a trade-in program for non- 
working Commodore equipment. It 
sometimes even has hard-to-find 
items. Call for prices and availability. 


COMPUTER BARGAIN STORE 

3366 S 2300 E 

Salt Lake City, UT 84109 

(801) 466-8084 

Refurbished hardware for the VIC-20 
and 64/128. Also software. Send $1.00 
for catalog. 


HARVEY AND ASSOCIATES 

1409 Mill St. 

Laramie, WY 82070 

(307) 742-3275 

New and refurbished hardware and 
software. Also “The Final Horizon,” a 
monthly newsletter with a bimonthly disk. 


J.P. PBM PRODUCTS BY MAIL 

P.O. Box 1233 

Station B 

Weston, ON 

Canada M9L 2R9 

Refurbished computers, drives, and 
monitors. Also books, software, CMD 
products. 


CG Ccommodore® 


TENEX Introduces: , AMIGZ 
AMIGA s HOTTEST RR ice Details! 


ices and 
Call for Lowest Pric Amiga 570 CD-ROM DRIVE for A500 


ee ony Compa ret Swe 
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i 10 Ex 
3 last the long-awaited AS7 ew 
: Ss ‘ASOD Is here! Plays CDIV discs, stondeld Cony ieee pee 
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Ami al for IBM & Mac computers. peers feels ° 
Hotes Newee oa storage ON each CD, youll be Redes shailee 


cludes AmigaDOS 2 in ROM. incredible sights and sounds, use ET tails on included 
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reenact research tools, and much more. 
CALL FOR LOWEST PRICE! 


enhanced chip se \ 
TV or monitors, built-in wae seecncchedtoa on 
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internal hard drive. mouse, & M Lan 
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m two models: Amiga 60 " : 
eh has the same features as the A600 PLUS a Amiga 500 Compute pike 
ago: ALF ST PRICE! Pac oil for viet ES special software bundles! 

LFOR LOWE ‘ country! Call for lo’ 

CAL : 


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Hot Printer Values! 
: Onl 
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Call today to receive your FREE 
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Shipping, Handling, Insurance 
Order Amount Charge 


z He less than $19.99 $4.95 

56800 Magnetic Dr Paani ae ; l. Sore $5.95 

Mishawaka, IN 46545. © peTOTEE Seon $00.00 re 

(219)259-7051 FAX (219)259-0300 : $100.00-$149.99 $9.95 

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COMMODORE 64 and COMMODORE 128 are registered trademarks of Commodore Electronics, Ltd. AMIGA is a registered trademark of Commodore Amiga Inc., NOTE: Due to publishing -** 
lead-times, product prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. “APO, FPO, AK, Hl, CN, VI, GU, and foreign orders are subject to additional shipping charges. 
6C 


JACK O'ROSES 

P.O. Box 144 

Middleton, PA 17057 

(717) 944-5843 

Strategy and campaign games. 


TERRAPIN SOFTWARE 
400 Riverside St. 
Portland, ME 04103 
(800) 354-2744 

(207) 878-8200 

Logo software. 


SPARKS ELECTRONICS 

5316 S. Ninth St. 

St. Joseph, MO 64504 

Financial software, including S.E.C. 
Check Register 128. 


SUPERIOR MICRO SYSTEMS 
26151 N. Oak Ave. 
Mundelein, IL 60060 

(708) 566-4647 

Lottery software. 


FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKETING 
500 N. Dallas Bank Tower 

12900 Preston Rd. 

Dallas, TX 75230 

(800) 525-5611 

(214) 386-6320 

Taxperfect64 is a tax return program 
that's updated every year—$89.00. 


FGM CONNECTION 

P.O. Box 2206 

Roseburg, OR 97470 

Graphics products for the 64, includ- 
ing Fun Graphics Machine—$29.95. 


MADMAN SOFTWARE 
7610 W. Fifth Ave., Ste. 200 
Lakewood, CO 80226 
Adventure games. 


HORSE FEATHER GRAPHICS 

North 27310 Short Rd. 

Deer Park, WA 99006-9712 

(509) 276-6928 

Graphics, borders, and fonts for use 
with The Print Shop. 


EASY BOOKS DISTRIBUTING 

P.O. Box 216 

lowa Park, TX 76367-0216 

(817) 592-4727 

Easy Books-1 is an extensive book- 
keeping and financial-analysis pro- 
gram for the 64—$39.95 plus $3.50 
shipping and handling. 


JACOBSEN SOFTWARE DESIGNS 
1590 E. 43rd Ave. 

Eugene, OR 97405 

(503) 343-8030 

Baseball database lets you keep track 
of your team’s statistics—$39.95 plus 
$2.50 shipping and handling. 


G-6 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


CLIPART CUPBOARD 

P.O, Box 317774 

Cincinnati, OH 45231 

Grafix Galore is a disk filled with more 
than 80 Print Shop-compatible graph- 
ics—$11.95. 


ANTIGRAV TOOLKIT 

P.O. Box 1074 

Cambridge, MA 02142 

KeyDOS ROM is a chip for the empty 
slot in your 128 that adds 40 new fea- 
tures to your computer—$32.50, Write 
for information. 


DR. T'S MUSIC SOFTWARE 

124 Crescent Rd. 

Needham, MA 02194 

(617) 455-1454 

Music and MIDI software and hardware. 


PANKHURST PROGRAMMING 

P.O. Box 49135 

Montreal, PQ 

Canada H1N 3T6 

Calc || spreadsheet for the 64—$29.95 
plus $4.00 shipping and handling. 


G.P. SOFTWARE 

P.O. Box 571 

W. Long Branch, NJ 07764 

Draw and print your graphics in color 
on your Star NX-1000C printer with 
Draw-Print in Color—$14.00, 


SOGWAP SOFTWARE 

115 Bellmont Rd. 

Decatur, IN 46733 

(219) 724-3900 

Bible Search and Big Blue Reader. 


COMPUTER BARGAIN STORE 

3366 S 2300 E 

Salt Lake City, UT 84109 

(801) 466-8084 

New software for the VIC-20 and 64/ 
128, also some Plus 4 software. 
Refurbished hardware for the VIC-20 
and 64/ 128. Catalog—$1.00. 


EMS COMPUTE 

4355 Kinney Rd. 

Ludington, MI 49431 

(616) 845-1540 

New and used software, Free catalog. 


HOMESPUN 

P.O. Box 1064 

Estero, FL 33928 

Lots of international software, ham 
radio utilities, high-quality arcade 
games. Send a stamp for a catalog. 


P.A.V.Y. SOFTWARE 

P.O. Box 1584 

Ballwin, MO 63022 

314) 527-4505 

Landmark Computer Bible. 


HERMENEUKIA 

P.O. Box 98563 

Seattle, WA 98198 

(800) 55-BIBLE 

Bible research and Christian educa- 
tion products. Free catalog. 


SILVASOFT 

P.O. Box 231 

Charlotte, VT 05445 

Send a self-addressed, stamped 
envelope for product line, which 
includes Maidstone Quest for the 128. 


MEI/MICRO CENTER 

1100 Steelwwod Rad. 

Columbus, OH 43212 

(800) 634-3478 

Disks, disk holders, printer ribbons, 
paper, disk mailers. 


EASY TECH 

2917 Bayview Dr. 
Fremont, CA 94538 
(800) 582-4044 
Chips. Free catalog. 


UNICORN ELECTRONICS 
10010 Canoga Ave. 

Unit B-8 

Chatsworth, CA 91311 
(800) 824-3432 

(818) 341-8833 (inside CA) 
Chips. Free catalog. 


FREE SPIRIT SOFTWARE 
720 Sycamore St. 
Columbus, IN 47201 
(812) 376-9964 
Software. 


PERFORMANCE PERIPHERALS 
5 Upper Loudon Rad. 
Loudonville, NY 12211 
Hardware. 


ABACUS 

5370 52nd St. SE 

Grand Rapids, MI 49512 

(800) 451-4319 

Programming languages, software, 
and computer books. 


VMC SOFTWARE 

P.O. Box 326 

Cambria Heights, NY 11411 
Nuclear Sub Command, a realistic 
nuclear attack sub simulation— 
$19.95. 


KodeKrakr 

761 Meade Ln. 

Virginia Beach, VA 23455 
Software-security bypass programs 
and game customizer. 


Create a Requires: 8 BIT 
Western Pint Shop PO BOX 542 
Style = raseti LINDENHURST NY 11757-0542 
with your pen DON'T BE CAUGHT WITHOUT A GREAT GIFT 
‘ommodore FOR YOUR FAVORITE COMMODORE USER ! 
C 
64/128 KEYBOARD SEELS 
Computer Vervion 1.0 ph rile tie 1 POWERPLAYERS [ 6 PACSETS 
WESTERN esas (064 or Vic 20.......4#VS64 JOYSTICE | pp & Shareware Sots 
Edition Conta 4G Sea wow |ABIGHITAT 
HERITA E Comm. 128..........4#VS128 ONLY $ 5.00 
G' Save your Commodore! ONLY 1: ASST, (StarTrek+)) 
ONLY $ 19.00 $5.00 | 3: EDUCATIONAL 
4: GAMES (Tetris +) 
COMMERCIAL 5: DEMOS/MOVIES 


509-276-6928 


Over 140 New Ways to Create a Total Western Environment 
with 90 Graphics, 42 Borders and 10 Fonts for the Print Shop. 


+ Create Western Style Stationery, Cards and Invitations. 

+ Invite Your Friends to a Western Birthday Party, Bar-B-Q or Card Game. 
* Make 10 Gunfighters of the Old West, Wanted Posters. 

«Impress Your Club with Western Posters, Banners and Calendars. 
«Make posters for Your Favorite Westem Event, Horse Show, Hay Ride. 
«Designs for over 50 Western Business Activities and Club Events. 
«Kids Share Secret Messages with Your Friends. 


HAPPY HOLIDAYS TO EVERYONE! 


SOMB ITEMS ARE LIMITED! CALL FOR AVAILIBILITY] 
SHIPPING $2.00 For First Item + $1.00 cach additional item 
*U.S. Funds Only! *30RRY NOC.O.D.’s OR CREDIT CARD ORDERS 

FOR A FREE COPY OF OUR CATALOG, CALL: 

(516)-957-1110 MONDAY - FRIDAY 10am to 5 pm EST 


“Gazette Gallery,” where each month we present the 
very best in original 64 and 128 artwork. 


Circle Reader Service Number 162 


So don’t waste another moment. Subscribe to- 


day to COMPUTE’s Gazette Disk and get 12 issues 
for only $49.95. You save almost 60% off the single- 
issue price. Clip or photocopy and mail completed 


Yes, save time and money! Subscribe to the Gazette 
Disk and get all the exciting, fun-filled Gazette pro- 
grams for your Commodore 64 or 128—already on 
disk! 

Subscribe today, and month after month you'll 
get all the latest, most challenging, and fascinating 
programs published in the corresponding issue of 
COMPUTE. 

New on the Gazette Disk! In addition to the 
programs that appear in the magazine, you'll also 
get outstanding bonus programs. These programs, 
which are often too large to offer as type-ins, are 
available only on disk—they appear nowhere else. 
As another Gazette Disk extra, check out 


coupon today. 


Individual issues of the disk are available for 
$9.95 (plus $2.00 shipping and handling) by writing 
to COMPUTE, 324 West Wendover Avenue, Suite 


200, Greensboro, North Carolina 27408. 


YES! Start my one-year subscription 


to COMPUTE’s Gazette Disk right away 
for only $49.95.* 


O Payment enclosed (check or money order) 


OCharge OMasterCard OVisa 
Exp. Date 

Signature 

(Required) 
Name 
Address 
City 
State/ ZIP/ 
Province Postal Code 


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Mail to COMPUTE's Gazette Disk, P.O. Box 3250, Harlan, IA 51593-2430 


“Residents of NC and NY, please add appropriate sales tax for your area. Canadian 
orders, add 7% goods and services tax. 


Publications, Books, and Newsletters 


COMPUTE 

Editorial Office 

324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200 
Greensboro, NC 27408 

(919) 275-9809 

Subscription Department 

P.O. Box 3244 

Harlan, IA 51593-2424 

(800) 727-6937 

Monthly magazine, $9.97 per year. 
Specify Gazette edition when placing 
subscription to receive Commodore 
64/ 128 edition. Also available, disks 
and books for the 64/128. 


RUN 

IDG Communications 

Editorial Office 

80 Elm St. 

Peterborough, NH 03458 

(603) 924-9471 

Subscription Services 

P.O. Box 50295 

Boulder, CO 80321-0295 
Magazine published bimonthly, 
$22.97 per year. Hardware, software, 
and books for sale. 


COMPUTER MONTHLY 

P.O. Box 7062 

Atlanta, GA 30357-9827 

Monthly magazine, $15.95 per year. 
Magazine tries to support all comput- 
ers, offering columns for old favorites 
like the 64, TI-99, and TRS-80, as well 
as for the IBM, Mac, and Amiga. 


BUSY BEE USER GROUP 

2634 E. Malvern St. 

Tucson, AZ 85716 

A one-year membership costs $20.00 
and includes subscription to newsletter. 


FOG INTERNATIONAL 

P.O. Box 1030 

Dixon, CA 95620 

Membership in this CP/M user group 
costs $40.00 a year and includes sub- 
scription to newsletter. 


GEOWORLD 

38 Santa Ynez St. 

Santa Barbara, CA 93103 
GEOS publication—$12.00 for 6 
issues, $20.00 for 12 issues. 


MICROBYTES 

2648 S. Kenilworth 

Berwin, IL 60402 

Quarterly newsletter for the 64/128. 
Each issue, $2.00. 


LOADSTAR 

P.O. Box 30008 
Shreveport, LA 71130-0008 
(800) 831-2694 


G-8 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


Monthly software magazine for the 64. 
Three-month trial subscription— 
$29.95. Loadstar 128 is a quarterly 
disk publication for the 128—$39.95. 


PARSEC. 

P.O. Box 111 

Salem, MA 01970-0111 

New publisher of Twin Cities 128. 


ABACUS 

5370 52nd St. SE 

Grand Rapids, MI 49512 

(800) 451-4319 

Computer books and software. 


NY CIG NEWS 

c/o St. Hilda's and St. Hugh's School 
619 W. 114 St. 

New York, NY 10025 

(212) 932-1987 

Newsletter—$1.00 for a sample, 
$10.00 for a year's subscription. 


THE FINAL HORIZON 

1409 Mill St. 

Laramie, WY 82070 

(307) 742-3275 

Monthly newsletter with a bimonthly 
disk. Contact FINAL on Q-Link. 


COMPSULT 

P.O. Box 3233 

San Luis Obispo, CA 93403-3233 
(800) 676-6616 


Software and some books, Free catalog. 


REDCAT COMPANY COMPUTER 
BOOKS 

6309 Wiley St. 

Hollywood, FL 33023 

(305) 983-5684 

Books for the 64 and 128. Also titles 
for older computers. 


C64 ALIVE! 

P.O. Box 232115 

Sacramento, CA 95823 

(916) 395-9733 BBS 

Disk magazine for the 64. Six issues— 
$25.00. Also, Club Lite, a British disk 
magazine. Twelve issues—$50.00. 


Repair Facilities 


NEW AGE ELECTRONICS 

13553 66th St. 

Largo, FL 34641 

(813) 530-4561 

(813) 360-7062 (BBS) 

Florida's oldest and largest factory- 
direct dealer and authorized Com- 
modore repair facility. 


TYCOM 

503 East St. 
Pittsfield, MA 01201 
(413) 442-9771 


Commodore repairs—$25.00 plus 
parts. Send computer or drive with 
name, address, phone number, and 
description of problem. Tycom will call 
you with a full estimate. 


COMPUTER SHOPPE OF ALABAMA 
1310 Second Ave., Ste. C 

Cullman, AL 35055 

(205) 739-0040 

Authorized Commodore repair. Also 
sells chips, cables, and refurbished 

hardware. 


SOFTWARE HUT 

2534 S. Broad St. 

Philadelphia, PA 19145, 

Authorized Commodore repair shop. 


HARVEY AND ASSOCIATES 

1409 Mill St. 

Laramie, WY 82070 

(307) 742-3275 

Authorized Commodore repair shop. 


COMMODORE REPAIR SHOP 
3790 Knight St. 

Memphis, TN 38118 

(800) 448-9987 

Authorized repair shop. 


J&C REPAIR 

P.O. Box 70 

Rockton, PA 15856 

(814) 583-5996 

Flat-rate prices on Commodore repairs 
with 24-hour turnaround, 


INGENIOUS SOFTWARE 

2120 W. Main St., Ste. 7 

Rapid City, SD 57702 

(605) 348-8333 

Authorized Commodore repair center. 
Flat rates. Buys old equipment. 


Companies on QuantumLink 


The path to that company's area on 
QuantumLink follows its name. 


GEOWORKS 
Commodore Software Showcase 
GEOS Arena 


RUN 

Commodore Information Network 
News & Reference 

RUN 


CREATIVE MICRO DESIGNS 
Commodore Information Network 
Creative Micro Designs 


EMS COMPUTE 
Can be reached online as EMSCOMPUTE. 


HARVEY AND ASSOCIATES 
Can be reached online as FINAL. 


Only $2495 ¢ oS RISE Sly 


ihe 
Fun b 


GRAPHICS MACHIN Is Al 
HE C=64, CAN 
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RAM FOR THE 
LIMITE! 


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SUPPORTS 
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FUN GRAPHICS MACHIN 
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FGM CLIP ART VOL.1 
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Perris eter ecnig cae cacgeaee acest asp aapdetcas sstetatadiepdaeesrdabddstPadedabadab eat 
PLEASE ADD FOR SHIPPING ER ----$3,50 
FOREIGN ORDERS; S FOLLOWS: 
CANADA/MEXICO 

U.S. FUNDS 


The FGM Connection, P.0.Box 2206, Roseburg, OR. 97470 


FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL 503-673-2234 


Bible Search 3.2 


. The entire Old & New Testament text on 4-1541/71 disks. 

. An Exhaustive English Concordance on 2-1541/71 disks. 
Indexes every word in the entire Bible; 700,000+ references. 

. Incredible five (5) second look-up time, per/word, per/disk. 

. Instant, automatic spell checking of more than 12,800 words, 

. Wildcard and boolean AND, OR & NOT search options. 

. Search the entire Bible in 5 seconds with 1581 or HD (v 3.52). 

. Money back guaranteed! 


KJV $49.95 | NIV $59.95 | KJV & NIV $90 


Includes: C64 & C128 programs; screen, printer and disk output; 
users guide, disk case. Available on 7-1541/71, or 4-1581 disks. 
" Any questions? Call or write for more information. 
Also available! Amiga, Bible Search 


Big Blue Reader 128/64 - 4.0 


Transfers word processing, text, ASCII, and binary files between 

C64/128 and IBM PC compatible 360K 5.25" and 720K 3.5" disks. 

New Version 4.0 features: Transfers ASCII, PET ASCII and Screen 

Code files including: WordWriter, PocketWriter, SpeedScript, PaperClip, 

WriteStuff, GEOS, EasyScript, Fleet System and most others. 

Supports drives # 8-30. New Backup (C128) and Format (1571/1581) 

programs. Reads MS-DOS sub-directories, uses joystick, and more. 
Includes C128 & C64 programs. Requires 1571 or 1581 Disk Driv 


Big Blue Reader 128/64 - 4.0 only $44.95 
Version 4.0 upgrade, send original BBR disk plus $18. 


Order by check, money order, or COD. US funds only. 
«a FREE book rate shipping in US. No Credit Card orders. 
Canada & Mexico add $4 S/H, Overseas add $10 S/H ($5 BBR) 


SOGWAP Software @ (219)724-3900 


115 Bellmont Road; Decatur, Indiana 46733 


The 
GRAPEVINE GROUP 
COMMODORE UPGRADES 
SPECIALS 


© COMPUTER SAVER: This C-64 Protection System saves you costly repairs. 
Over 52% of C-64 failures are caused by malfunctioning power supplies that 
destroy your computer. Installs in seconds between power supply & C-64. No 


C” 


# soldering. 2 year warranty. An absolute must and great seller .. .» $17.95 


© PRINTER PORT ADAPTER by Omnitronix. Avoid obsolescence. Allows you to 
use any Commodore (C-64) printer on any PC compatible or clone. Does not 


+s work with Amiga. « $34.95 


512K RAM EXPANDERS 


By special arrangement with Commodore, we are able to purchase ata fantastic 
price 400 of the original 512K 1750 RAM expander units for your C84 or C128 
computer. Now keep up with the latest technology. Upgrade to 512K with a 
simple plug-in module. Completely compatible and comes with software. If you 
have a C64 you will need a heavier power supply (4.3 amp), which we will give 


you for $31.00. C128 users do not need this power supply. This is the original 


Commodore unit with over 800,000 sold +» $99.95 


‘fe Super 1750 REU CLone (512K), Does not require a larger power supply. $142.50 


COMMODORE DIAGNOSTICIAN II 


Originally developed as a software package, then converted to a readable 
format, the Diagnostician has become a fantastic seller. With over 38,000 sold 
worldwide, Diagnostician Il utilizes sophisticated cross-reference grids to locate 
faulty components (ICs) on all C-64 and C1541 computers (C-128/64 mode) 
Save money and downtime by promptly locating what chip(s) have failed, (No 
equipment of any kind needed.) Success rate from diagnosis-to-repair is 98%. 
Includes basic schematic ... 
(Available for Amiga computers with 32" disk at $14.95). 


} NEW POWER SUPPLIES 


* Asuper-heavy, repairable, "not sealed” C-64 power supply with an output of 

4,3. amps (that's over 3x as powerful as the original). Featuring 1 year warranty, 

ext. fuse, schematics, UL approved... $37.95 
(Includes bonus Commodore Diagnostician II (valued @ $6.95) 

* Our Biggest Seller © 1.8 amp repairable heavy duty supply for C-64, (Over 


120,000 sold.) s2a'95 
REPLACEMENT/UPGRADE 
CHIPS & PARTS 


6510 CPU.. . 
6526 CIA 


}y 6581 SID 
, 6567 Video: 


PLA 90611 

All 901/225-6-7-9 

4164 (C-64/RAM). 

C-128 ROMs Upgrade (set 3 


? C1571 ROM Upgrade (310654-05) 


Interface Cables: #690 C64 to 1541/1571 disk drive. 
#693 C64 to 3 pin RCA (eg. 1084) . 

1541/1571 Drive Alignment. 

Super Graphics by Xetec.. 

Service Manuals for C64, C128, 1802, 1084SP, 1541 


+ EMERGENCY STARTUP KITS + 


+ Save a lot of time and money by repairing your own Commodore computer. All 


chips are direct socket plug-ins (no soldering). Each kit includes all you need to 
“start up"/revive your broken computer. Originally blister packed for the 


government PXs worldwide, this series is now available to you. Total cost 


savings per kit far exceeds purchasing chips on an individual basis. 


KIT #3 (Part #DIA 15) for C64 
Symptoms; No power up ® Screen lock up ® Flashing colors ¢ Game 
cartridge problems 
Contains: ICs #PLA/82S100/906114, 6526, Commodore Diagnositician, 
Fuse, Chip Puller, 8 RAMs, Schematic, Utility Cartridge & special 
diagnostic test diskette with 9 programs 
An $87.50 value for only $29.95 


KIT #4 (Part #DIA 16) for C64 
Symptoms: Control Port ¢ Sound @ Keyboard ¢ Serial device problems 
Contains: |Cs #6526, 6581, 8 RAMs, Commodore Diagnostician, Fuse, Chip 
Puller, Basic Schematic, Utility Cartridge & special diagnostic test 
diskette with 9 programs 
AS79.80 value for only $29.95 


KIT #5 (Part #DIA 17) for 1541/1571 
Symptoms: Drive runs continuously ® Motor won't stop ® Read errors © No 
power up 
Contains: ICs #6502, 6522, Fuse Chip Puller, Basic Schematic, Commodore 
Diagnostician & special diagnostic test diskette with 9 programs 
An $70.10 value for only $29.95 


— Fvncod Send For Free Catalog 
ad 3 CHESTNUT ST., SUFFERN, NY 10901 
Order Line 1-800-292-7445 Fax 914-357-6243 
Customer Service: 914-368-4242 _ International Order Line: 914-357-2424 
We Ship Worldwide Prices subject to change 
Hours: 9-6 E.T, M-F 15% Restocking Charge 


Tell a friend you've heard it through the Grapevine. 


Circle Reader Service Number 145 


Used Software 


SOFTWARE SUPPORT INTERNATIONAL 
2700 NE Andresen Rd., Suite A-10 
Vancouver, WA 98661 

(800) 356-1179 

Used listing appears in back of regu- 
lar catalog. Call to see if titles are in. 
You can get on the waiting list if your 
item is not available. 


CENTSIBLE SOFTWARE 

P.O. Box 930 

St. Joseph, MO 49085 

(616) 428-9096 

(616) 429-7211 (BBS) 

It's a one-man operation, so prices 
tend to be a buck or two higher, but 
the owner tends to have the harder-to- 
find items and a large inventory. Free 
catalog updated monthly. Specify 
computer. BBS listings updated daily. 
Has a waiting list. 


EMS COMPUTE 

4355 Kinney Rd. 

Ludington, MI 49431 

(616) 845-1540 

Free listing of used software. 


BARE BONES SOFTWARE 

940 4th Ave., Ste. 222 

Huntington, WV 25701 

(800) 638-1123 

Used software. Free catalog updated 
monthly. Specify computer. Also has a 
waiting list. 


CP/M Software 


ELLIAM ASSOCIATES 

P.O. Box 2664 

Atascadero, CA 93423 

(805) 466-8440 

PD and some commercial software. A 
100-page catalog—$10.50. 


SOUND POTENTIALS 

Box 46V 

Brackney, PA 18812 

PD catalog—$2.00. Catalog and sam- 
ple disk (state format)—$15.00. 


FOG INTERNATIONAL 

P.O. Box 1030 

Dixon, CA 95620 

The international CP/M user group. 
Membership is $40.00 and includes a 
newsletter subscription. Members 
have several BBSs from which to 
download. Also, an inexpensive mail- 
order service is available for those 
members not near a local FOG BBS. 


INCA SOFTWARE SERVICES 
9732 Paseo Montril 

San Diego, CA 92129 

(619) 484-2173 


G-+10 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


Commercial CP/M-related software. 
CP/M Kit 128, Wordstar 4.0, dBASE ll, 
and more. Product list available. 


MICROWARE 

Box 710942-A 

San Diego, CA 92171 

CP/M and PD programs for the 64 and 
128. 


PUBLIC DOMAIN USER GROUP 
P.O. Box 1442 

Orange Park, FL 32067 

PD CP/M software for the 64 and 128. 


TORONTO PET USER GROUP (TPUG) 
5334 Younge St., Ste. 116 

Willowdale, ON 

Canada M2N 6M2 

(416) 733-2933 

This large user group supports all 
Commodore computers and offers 
many public domain programs on disk. 


CRANBERRY SOFTWARE TOOLS 
P.O, Box 681 

Princeton Junction, NJ 08550-0681 
CP/M for the 64 and 128. 


POSEIDON ELECTRONICS 

103 Waverly PI. 

New York, NY 10011 

(212) 777-9515 

Extensive CP/M library. Catalog— 
$10.00. 


THE PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE 
COPYING COMPANY 

33 Gold St., Ste. L-3 

New York, NY 10038 

(800) 221-7372 

Commercial and PD CP/M software. 


TRIO 

P.O. Box 594 

3290 Genesee St. 

Cheektowaga, NY 14225-0594 
(716) 892-9630 

Commercial CP/M software such as 
Wordstar 4.0 


CT COMPUTER ACTIVE 
P.O. Box 893 

Clinton, OK 73601 

(405) 323-5890 

CP/M software for the 128. 


GEMINI MARKETING 
P.O. Box 640 

Duvall, WA 98019-0640 
CP/M software for the 128. 


Public Domain Software 


DISKS O' PLENTY 

7958 Pines Blvd., Ste. 270A 
Pembroke Pines, FL 33024 
(305) 963-7750 


Call or write for free catalog. 

64 DISK CONNECTION 

4291 Holland Rd., Ste. 562 

Virginia Beach, VA 23452 

Send a stamp for free catalog or $2.00 
for catalog and 30 sample programs. 


DISKOVERIES 

P.O. Box 9153 

Waukegan, IL 60079 

Send stamp for free catalog or $2.00 
for sample disk. 


8 BIT 

P.O. Box 542 
Lindenhurst, NY 11757 
(516) 957-1110 

Free catalog. 


BRE Software 

352 W. Bedford Ave. 
Fresno, CA 93711 
(209) 432-3072 


MICROWARE 

Box 710942-A 

San Diego, CA 92171 

CP/M and PD programs for the 64 and 
128. 


CALOKE INDUSTRIES 

Box 18477 

Raytown, MO 64133 

Free PD catalog or $2.00 for catalog 
and sample disk. 


SOFTWARE EXCITEMENT 
6475 Crater Lake Hwy. 
Central Point, OR 97502 
(800) 444-5457 

Free catalog. 


ORIGINAL PROGRAMS 

P.O. Box 14801 

Reading, PA 19612 

Free catalog. PD and specialty pro- 
grams. 


Miscellaneous 


NATIONAL CRISTINA FOUNDATION 
(800) CRISTIN 

Nonprofit organization that matches 
donated software and hardware to 
disabled individuals, schools, and 
other needy sources. 


COMPUTER FOUNDATION FOR 
HANDICAPPED CHILDREN 

2645 E. Southern, Ste.A-326 

Tempe, AZ 85282 

(602) 831-3519 

Numerous programs for a wide range 
of disabilities. Free catalog and sam- 
ple disk. Specify 64 or Apple Il. Q 


The Gazette 

santa 

Manager ov 
ve 


S 


Harness the productivity 
power of your 64 or 128! 


Turn your Commodore into 

a powerful workhorse, keep track 
of finances, generate reports 
in a snap, manage your 
money in minutes— 

all with the 

Gazette Productivity 
Manager! Look at all 
your 64/128 Productivity 
Manager disk contains. 


GemCalc 64 & 128— 

A complete, powerful, user- 

friendly spreadsheet with all 
the features you’d expect 
in an expensive commercial package 
(separate 64 and 128 versions are included). 
Most commands can be performed with a single keypress! 


YOUR GAZETTE 
PRODUCTIVITY 
MANAGER 
TODAY! 


Memo Card—Unleashes the power of a full-blown 
database without the fuss! Nothing’s easier—it’s a 
truly simple computerized address file. Just type in 
your data on any one of the index cards. Need to edit? 


Just use the standard Commodore editing keys. (MasterCard and Visa accepted on orders with subtotal over $20). 
Finished? Just save the data to floppy. What could be | | OT 
easier? OYES! Please send me __ Productivity Manager disk(s) 


($14.95 each). 

—____ Subtotal 

—___ Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appro- 
priate sales tax for your area. Canadian orders, add 
7% goods and services tax.) 

—__ Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00 
surface mail, $5.00 airmail per disk.) 


Financial Planner—Answers all of those questions 
concerning interest, investments, and money manage- 
ment that financial analysts charge big bucks for! You 
can plan for your children’s education and know 
exactly how much it will cost and how much you need 
‘to save every month to reach your goal. Or, decide 
whether to buy or lease a new car. Use the compound 
interest and savings function to arrive at accurate 


1 

! 

| 

i] 

| 

| 

1 

1 

I 

H Total Enclosed 

| —Check or Money Order MasterCard _ VISA 
1 Credit Card No. 
| 
1 
I 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
! 
1 
! 
1 


Signature 


estimates of how your money will work for you. ai ote Required) 
Compute the answer at the click of a key! Name 
Address 
THIS | 3 
DON’T MISS OUT ON THIS | & Zone 


Send your order to Gazette Productivity Manager, 
324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, Greensboro, NC 27408. 


POWERFUL WORKHORSE! 


REVIEWS 


VIDEOFOX 


We're living in a video age. Nearly 
everyone owns a VCR, and judging by 
the response to television shows like 
“America’s Funniest Home Videos,” 
quite a few people own video cameras 
as well. Moving into this new electron- 
ic way of looking at and recording the 
world around us is the personal home 
computer. 

High-tech products such as 
genlocks and frame grabbers let users 
capture individual frames from a video 
source or digitize live video segments 
for use with multimedia presentations. 
This creative processing of a video 
source with a computer is called desk- 
top video. 

Of course, all this fancy desktop vid- 
eo stuff is out of reach for us 64 users, 
tight? Well, yes and no. There are no 
genlocks or frame grabbers available 
for the 64, that's true. All of those high- 
tech gadgets require a great deal 
more memory and speed than you'll 
find on a 64 or 128, but that doesn’t 
mean your 8-bit wonder can't contrib- 
ute to your video work. You can use 
the graphics capabilities of your 64 or 
128 to create screens that can be cop- 
ied onto videotape. The hookup is fair- 
ly simple, and the results can be every 
bit as impressive as graphics created 
on more sophisticated computers. 

There are a number of fine pro- 
grams that provide tools and effects to 
make your Commodore graphics fade 
and wipe with the best of them. Each 
of these packages is designed to take 
graphic images from your Commodore 
and run them in sequence while record- 
ing the output onto your videotape. Of 
course, you could create simple animat- 
ed titles by filming your monitor as you 
type with a word processor or as your 
graphics program displays a screen or 
two. These software packages auto- 
mate the process and add some nice 
screen effects, too. 

Videofox, imported from Germany 
and distributed by RIO Computers, is 
a newcomer to the field of Commodore 
video software. Videofox is part of the 
Fox line of Commodore products, 
which includes the Pagefox cartridge. 
As a result, Videofox is designed to op- 
erate like other products in that line, us- 
ing a similar point-and-click interface 
G12 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


and fonts and clip art files that are in- 
terchangeable between programs. The 
package also includes a full-featured 
drawing program that lets you design 
your own bitmap images to import into 
Videofox. 

With Videofox you can create a se- 
ries of screens that are called boards, 
The program then displays these 
boards in sequential order, switching 
from one to the next using various transi- 
tion methods. You can adjust variables 
such as how long each of the boards 
is displayed and how fast they scroll. 
The timing of the sequences can be 
fine-tuned to fit the space you have 
available on your video. 

When satisfied with the effect on the 
screen, you can connect your comput- 
er's output to your VCR and record the 
results. In this way you can create titles 
for a videotape. You could also create 
introductory screens or short animation 
sequences. Since you can set a se- 
quence to repeat, you could use a se- 
ries of images as an animated display 
for a shop window or at a user group 
computer show. You can have it play 


from videotape or straight from the com-, 


puter itself. 

Videofox includes a variety of transi- 
tion options, including some that use 
the border in unexpected ways. The ef- 
fects are smooth, professional, and of- 
ten surprising. You can place text any- 
where on the screen and import 
bitmap images to dress up a display. 
Any video-titling program offers a se- 
lection of fades and wipes between 
graphic screens, but Videofox does it 
better, and it gives you more. Transi- 
tions are quick and clean—quick 
enough for some honest-to-goodness 
page-flipping animation. 

Videofox does have a few problems, 
however. The icons on the screen are 
somewhat confusing, and they give no 
indication, either by highlighting or flash- 
ing, when they are selected. It's too 
easy to forget which of the tools is se- 
lected, especially when you're not al- 
ways sure what they're supposed to 
do. On top of that, some icons are let- 
ters of the alphabet. That would be 
fine if they didn’t stand for German 
words, | had to look them up. 

As soon as | did, | encountered an- 
other problem. The documentation, 
haphazardly arranged, is vague and 


confusing. It also references illustra- 
tions and diagrams that apparently are 
missing from the English version. This 
situation is made all the worse be- 
cause the translator obviously knew a 
lot more about German than about Eng- 
lish. The resulting prose ranges from 
baffling to hilarious. 

| have finally figured out what most 
of the icons do, although | still can't get 
used to pressing J for Yes at prompts. 
Fortunately, there is a list of keyboard 
commands that helps. | can't help but 
wish for a nice tutorial—in real Eng- 
lish—that would nurse me through 
things like importing and placing a 
bitmap or turning on text mode. 

The process of transferring your se- 
quence to videotape is explained as 
murkily as everything else. This is un- 
fortunate, since that's the whole point 
of the program. RIO Computers is work- 
ing on an upgrade to the manual; | 
hope my registration card entitles me 
to a new copy. 

Despite the documentation’s short- 
comings, | do like the program. There 
are plenty of great features here, al- 
though they're a bit hard to find at 
times. | like the continually updated 
readout of cursor position and the var- 
ious text effects available. | appreciate 
the ability to set tab positions on the 
screen so | can place images in exact- 
ly the same spot on each board for 
smooth, fast animation. Videofox 
doesn't have the scripting capabilities 
that Screen F/X has, but its effects are 
unmatched. Seeing my titles hop, 
skip, and jump across the screen 
makes wandering through the foggy 
documentation worthwhile. 

Videofox is amazingly fast. Boards 
can be displayed so quickly because 
they're not full-screen bitmaps. In- 
stead, the editor limits you to a certain 
percentage of the screen, up to 255 
cells (8 x 8 pixels each). You can high- 
light the cells that you've used as you 
place text and graphics, adjusting 
when necessary to keep your designs 
from taking more than the allowable 
area. This process restricts your crea- 
tivity to some extent, but the resulting 
speed makes it worth the effort. 

There are a lot of great programs 
coming from Europe these days. The 
Fox series is a good example, and Vid- 
eofox is a decent addition to that col- 


lection. Companies like RIO Comput- 
ers should be commended and support- 
ed for importing and distributing these 
products for the United States market. 
The problem with translating the docu- 
mentation is a major stumbling block, 
however, one which must be overcome 
before packages like Videofox will ap- 
peal to everyone. 

STEVE VANDER ARK 


Commodore 64 or 128—$59.95 
RIO COMPUTERS 

3310 Berwyck St 

Las Vegas, NV 89121 

(800) 782-9110 


Circle Reader Service Number 341 


INVOICE WRITER II 


OK, the Commodore isn't the business 
computer for the nineties. You won't 
find some guy in a gray suit powering 
up a 64 on a 747. The local supermar- 
ket won't be running its scanners from 
a 128 in the back room. Even Commo- 
dore itself doesn't use its 8-bit comput- 
ers to do business. 

But every business isn't the corpo- 
rate equivalent of Mount Everest. 
There are many small businesses that 
don't really need a $5,000 computer run- 
ning $500 software. Small stores and 
mail-order firms, hole-in-the-wall 
shops, and baseball card retailers can 
use what the 64 has to offer: low-cost, 
efficient computing, with enough fea- 
tures to do the job but not a thousand 
bells and whistles that boost the price 
into the stratosphere. All they need is 
a 64 and some good, solid small busi- 
ness software. 

Invoice Writer Il is that kind of soft- 
ware. It'll record customer purchases 
and total the bill, including tax. It then 
prints the invoice with the business 
name on top and a friendly note of 
thanks at the bottom. Invoice Writer I! 
is a winner because it works. It works 
on a real sales counter with real prod- 
ucts, real customers, and real part- 
time, know-nothing clerks who would 
crash the system if they could. 

When you place your 64 (or 128 in 
64 mode) on a counter, connect it to a 
printer, and run this software, you cre- 
ate an efficient system for handling cus- 
tomer purchases. The main screen us- 
es windows to provide places for the 
user to enter the customer's name and 


Gazette 
Index 


Everything’s included! 
Features, games, reviews, 
education/home applications, 
programming, bugswatter, 
feedback, and columns! 


A superb interface includes pull- 
down menus, help screens, and 
keyboard, joystick, or mouse con- 
trol. Features include super-fast 
searching and sorting capabilities. 
An options screen allows you to 
choose text colors, drive number, 
and input device. And there’s full 
documentation on disk. 


Choose from three modes of opera- 
tion—browse for quick scanning, 
view for detailed information and 
descriptions, and edit for adding 
items from upcoming issues—and 
print to any printer. There’s even a 
turbo-load option for maximum 
disk-access speed. 


ORDER YOUR 
GAZETTE INDEX 
TODAY! 


(MasterCard and Visa accepted on 
orders with subtotal over $20.) 


To order, send $7.95 per disk, the 
quantity of disks ordered, check 

or money order,* your name and 

complete street address: 


Gazette Index 

324 West Wendover Avenue 
Suite 200 

Greensboro, NC 27408 


* Please add $2 shipping & handling ($5 foreign) for 
each disk (residents of NC, NJ, NY please add appli- 
cable sales tax; Canadian orders, add 7% goods 
and services tax). 

All payments must be in U.S. funds. Please allow 4 
weeks for delivery. 


Can Your 
Computer Make 
You 


WITH LOTTERY PC YOUR NEXT TICKET 
COULD BE WORTH MILLIONS! 

LOTTERY uses the raw power and storage of your 
computer to determine and refine the number selection 
methods that will win the various lottery games 
play. Don't be limited to the one or two methods 
other programs use, they might not work in your stale 
There is no better system available! 

Join the growing list of winners using our system. 


SPECIFY: 
Lottery 64(C64/128) 
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IBM PC/XT/AT and compatibles 


Commodore64/128 & Plus/4 are peaisicted 
trademarks of Commodore Int 


IBM PC/XT/AT are registered recemaths of 
International Business Machines Inc 


To order, sone rae fe) for each plus $3.00 postage & 


handling 
(iilinois Sreeients 30d )% sales tax) 
(Grders outside North America add $3.00) 


C.O.D. orders call: 
(708) 566-4647 


Superior Micro Systems, Inc. 
as 26151 N. Oak Ave. 
Mundelein, IL 60060 


Circle Reader Service Number 221 


NEW! COMPANION FS-4 NEW! 


The ultimate upgrade for Fleet System 4 and Fleet 
Filers 64/128. Transfer Fleet software to any 15XX 
drive, hard drive, CMD's RAM LINK, or RAM DRIVE, 
Get max. speed and productivity! Filers 64/128 up- 
grades: now access up to four disk drives, easily 
transfer files between drives. Users may select their 
favorite screen colors from within Fleet Filers. F-keys 
now have logical layout, much faster data entry, no 
more accidental screen dumps. Many other improve- 
ments! Complete with templates, help files, spiral 
bound manual, Plus much more! 

C=128, 80 column. 

COMPANION FS-4 srossssesseseee $24.95 + $3.00 S&H 


SEC CHECK REGISTER 128 


Manage personal or small business checking in a 
fast/efficient manner. Fast data entry. Unlimited 
recurring payees. 750 active file transactions. Up to 
999 Ref. numbers. Easy editing! Reports printed by, 
Outstanding Transaction, Transaction, Reference 
Number, Reference Number & Date, Date, Date & 
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of personal or form feed check. Supports all 15XX 
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manual and much more! 

C=128, 80 column 

Free Bonus: SEC Financial Calc. 128! 

SEC CHECK REGISTER ............ $24.95 + $3.00 S&H 


ORDER TODAY: Check or Money Order. 


SPARKS ELECTRONICS 
5316 So. 9th, St. Joseph, MO 64504-1802 
Missouri Res. add 6.225% sales tax. 


Trademarks of respective 
manufacturers/publishers acknowledged. 
Circle Reader Service Number 252 
DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE G-13 


C64/128 PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE 
REQUEST FREE CATALOG or send $2 for sample disk and catalog (RE- 
FUNDABLE). Categories Include education, utilities, games, business, 
PRINT SHOP graphics, pre-tested programs and more. Rent for 75¢ or 
buy as low as $1.00 per disk side or for 80¢ for 70 or more. $20 order 


gets 4 free disks of your cholce. 
NEXT DAY SHIPPING! SINCE 1986 


@& CALOKE INDUSTRIES (Dept. GK) 
L PO BOX 18477, RAYTOWN, MO 64133 ek 


Circle Reader Service Number 181 


C-64 or 128 
The adventures of 
Eric Hawthorne, P.I. 
$19.95 Check or H1.0, to 
CREATIVE PIXELS LTD. 
PO BOX 592 
LIBRARY, PA 15129 


Action/Strategy/Board Game Fun for all ages! 


Circle Reader Service Number 270 


Co pl ocr wean eers of data ¢ Uppercase lowercase and 


Cale I Same Old Ad - Great New Price! 


NowgetCalcll, the leading C64 spreadsheet, 


The Fastest | for the special year-end price of $24.95, 


S&H included! The best now costs less - So 
Spreadsheet | order now, while the price is right! 
for the US, CAN: $24.95 ($US/$CDN), check/money order 
Commodore q OVERSEAS: $24.95 US, Intemational Money Order 


PANKHURST PROGRAMMING Dept * Box 49135 ¢ Mortal» ome + Canada » HINSTE 
Circle Reader Service Number 152 


Upgrade your Commodore system 


dems 
eager HaraupuePecembery ain sno $99 


$2091541- 1660-$90. $25 64/128/AMIGA-1200 BAUD - $89. $79 
i Gear cali charsloscrsiesnists APROSAND-4 SLOT CARTRIDGE 
$266 $2391571-ST6, $154 C64 -$100 $94 EXPANDER FOR THE 64/128-$40 $36 
1802-$285 $2591571-I1-$185 $17G4C-$72Q S114 New CMD accessories 
1901 -$295 $2691581-$1B0,$169 C128-SN5 $169 JIFFYOOS 6411388 ANYORIVE SYSTEM" $85 
1902-$305 $2791001SFD-$t6Q $139C1280 -$225 12BD/ANY DRIVE “SYSTEM"-$95 
1084s-$325 $299 1530 DATASETTE-$35, ADDITIONAL DRIVE ROMS - $45 
MANY BOOKS - $10 SOFTWARE - $10-20 RAMLINK/RAMCA\ 
ASK FORANYTHING, IMIGHTHAVEIT! 1Mb RAM SIMM - $7! 1B 
J.P. Pou PRODUCTS BY MAIL SHIPPING INCLUDED FOR CANADA, USA +15% 
#1233, STATIO! 15 DAY WARRANTY ON REFURBISHED GOODS 
WESTON, ONTARIO, MaL2R9 TAX- Canada +7% GST, Ontario Res. + 8% PST 


Commodore Accessories & Necessities 


Ribbons! M3 Mouse 
MPS 801 - 802 - 803 - 1525 - 1526 - 1000 - Modems 
1200 - 1230 - 1250 Joysticks 
Commodore Printer (Comm. & PC Comp.) Icon Controller 


C 64 C Computer * 1541-II Disk Drive Cables 
1802 Monitor Power Supply 


SOFTWARE: Educational - Productive - Fun - Commodore-Amiga Authorized 
Dealer & Service Center - 24-Hour Turnaround on Repairs - CALL for PRICING 


har=3) ELECTRO-TECH ELECTRONICS So 
, 677 East Main Street + Ventura,CA93001 + 805-648-5417 


Circle Reader Service Number 148 


COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


particulars, the part numbers or short 
descriptions of the items being pur- 
chased, the cost per item, and wheth- 
er the item is taxable or not. The pro- 
gram will create an invoice for those 
items, placing a header on top with 
your company name, address, and 
whatever else you'd like. An invoice 
can handle up to ten items, listing 
hem and totaling the final price. 

If you need multiple invoices for a 
purchase of over ten items, the pro- 
gram can add and display their totals. 
At the bottom of each invoice is a line 
detailing the transaction. It’s all very sim- 
ple and straightforward (remember 
hat know-nothing part-timer?). 

Invoice Writer II also lets you enter 
negative quantities to include returns 
or refunds. If the product is multiple- 
priced, say four for a dollar, and the cus- 
‘omer is only buying three, you can en- 
er the price of the full quantity and the 
quantity purchased as three out of 
our in the form 3/4, and the program 
will do the math. 

While creating invoices is the heart 
of the program, Invoice Writer II 
doesn't stop there. Recordkeeping is an- 
other important part of running a busi- 
ness. As products are sold and invoic- 
es generated, the computer keeps a 
running total of sales. If a second disk 
drive is available, the program writes 
this information to a storage disk. Your 
sales figures are continually updated 
and recorded. This part of the pro- 
gram, called the Filing System, lets you 
access old sales records and invoices 
on any disk by entering a date or 
range of dates to be printed out. Mul- 
tiple invoices are coded with a trailing 
digit so you can be sure of identifying 
them later. 

Should the electrical power fail or 
that part-timer inadvertently introduce 
errors into your data, you can edit the 
saved invoices and figures as needed. 
As you use Invoice Writer Il, you are as- 
sured of accurate records stored safe- 
ly on a disk for review a week, a 
month, or even years later. 

All this makes Invoice Writer II a win- 
ner, but the marks of a truly great pro- 
gram are the extra touches it offers. 
One feature that doesn't have to be 
there but which makes life easier is In- 
voice Writer II's ability to operate with- 
out a disk drive, once the program has 
been loaded. This not only frees up lim- 
ited equipment but also makes the sys- 
tem run quicker. You don't lose your re- 
cording capabilities, though; the pro- 
gram simply updates everything later 
when your drive is available. That's a 
great touch. 

Another example is the invoice-stor- 
ing system, by which you can stash 
away up to three unfinished transac- 


tions while you work on another. Yet an- 
other example is the capability of stor- 
ing two different printer setups, one for 
invoices and another for records. This 
means that you don't need to have the 
same printer at home or in the back of- 
fice that you use at the sales counter. 
It's features like these that make In- 
voice Writer Il a real gem. 

Let's get back to that know-nothing 
part-timer I've been grumbling about. 
A program that any computerphobic 
clerk can use must be user-friendly. It's 
not enough that the program lets you 
fix errors after they happen; the pro- 


DISKS O'PLENTY INC 
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(305) 963-7750 
Call or write for free descriptive catalog of 
C64/128 Public Domain & Shareware 
Choose from over 900 Disks 
Adult list of over 50 Disks available 
to those 18 or over. 


1541/1571 
DAIVE ALIGNMENT 


Reports the alignment condition of 
the disk drive as you perform adjust- 
ments. On screen help available 
while the program is running. In- 
cludes features for speed adjust- 


ment and stop adjustment. Instruc- 
021MU SID MUSIC UTILITIES 


tion manual on aligning 1541 and 
1571 drives. Works on C64 orC128. 
Includes manual, program and cali- 
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019GR_ PRINTSHOP UTILITIES 
019ED JR HIGH EDUCATION 
062ED HIGH SCHOOL EDUC. 
033ED TYPING / SPANISH 


gram must be so simple that anyone 
can use it. After all, as one offshoot of 
Murphy's Law so eloquently puts it, 
“It's impossible to make anything fool- 
proof because fools are so ingenious!” 
Invoice Writer Il is ready for any fool 
you might have running it. 

Aside from the required typing, the 
program is operated almost exclusive- 
ly by pressing the unshifted function 
keys. This speeds up the transaction 
process. A menu of functions is always 
displayed on the screen. The manual 
is well written and concise, giving you 
not only the basics of operation but al- 
so a chapter of tips and tricks to help 
you get the most out of your 64 as a re- 
tail tool. 

There is one drawback to the pro- 
gram, however. Each purchased item 
must be entered from the keyboard— 
there's no database of products for the 
invoicing system to access. If entering 
a part number would automatically gen- 
erate the description, price, and tax stat- 
us, that would have been great. Oh, 
well, | suppose you can’t have every- 
thing for ten bucks. 

STEVE VANDER ARK 


Commodore 64 or 128—$10 
MAURICE RANDALL 


Free Spirit Software, Inc. 
720 Sycamore St. 
Columbus, IN 47201 
Phone: 812-376-9964 
FAX: 812-376-9970 


Circle Reader Service Number 271 


O10UT PIRATES TOOLBOX 
119GA FOREIGN ARCADE 


Choose 6 for $5.00 
LIMITED OFFER 


021GE GEOS FONTS 


Circle Reader Service Number 253 


DISK MAGAZINES FOR 64 & 128 
Great programs & articles from both sides of the Atlantic. 
C64 ALIVE! is U.S. produced. LIGHT DISK and clubLIGHT are UK produced. 
C64 ALIVE! Sample disk $3 (£1.50): S issues ending 12/92 $20 (£10); 

6 issues starting 1/93 $25 (£12.50) 
clubLIGHT Single issue $5 (£2.20): 12 issues starting 9/92 $50 (£23.40) 
LIGHT DISK (only 4 issues) 8 Disks $30 (£15) 

LIGHT DISK and clubLIGHT are for 64/128 — C64 ALIVE! is 64 only 
FOR DELIVERY: 
IN U.S.: Jack Vander White, C64 ALIVE!, P.O. Box 232115, Sacramento, CA 95823 
\N UK: Datasphere Publications, 7 Fallowfield Close, Valley Drive, Norwich, NR1 4NW 
Outside North America and UK write for prices. 


Circle Reader Service Number 154 


‘GRAFIX GALORE ¢.-2:. 


4 Original Printshop Graphics}, 

oy 80 super graphics to add sparkle to your Printshop projects! Everything from 

sports to spys and pirates to pizza. 

Send $11.95 (inc. s/h) add $3 if outside N. America. Specify C-64 or IBM version. 
— REQUIRES PRINTSHOP OR GRAPHICS COMPATIBLE PROG. — 


ce CLIP ART CUPBOARD IBM 


611 Pearl St. 
Charlotte, Mi 48813 P, O. BOX 317774 * CINCINNATI, OH 45231 
Circle Reader Service Number 342 a) 
KeyDOS ROM Version 2 is here! 
The KeyDOS ROM is a chip for the empty socket inside your C128 that adds more than 40 
Send New powerful features. KeyDOS is available instantly as soon as you switch on your 128! 
Product KeyDOS is loaded with useful tools to simplify file access on multiple drive systems without typ- 
roquc ing file names—all major DOS functions included, Select multiple files for copying, viewing, 
printing, renaming or scratching. ASCIVCBM/S de converter. Full support for 1581 
Announcements a gubdiectories, Builtin RAMDOS for REUs up to 2MB New GEOS SupeRBoot, 
d Alarm clock. Disk editor. Powerful debugger. 
an /or Only $32.50. Satisfaction Guaranteed! Write for more information. 
Enhance your system with the speed and convenience that KeyDOS provides! 
Press Releases Antigrav Toolkit, PO Box 1074, Cambridge, MA 02142 
on your Shipping outside of US, Canada and Mexico add $3 
Com modore Circle Reader Service Number 244 
64/128 
products to: 
Tom Netsel c/o EIMERS 
Piatt aa MENS 1-800-621-0379 
(in Illinois 1-800-572-6037) 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE 


031ED COMPUTER SCIENCE 


022GA CASINO-BOARD GAMES 


002MS LOTTERY PROGRAMS 
003MS COLLECTORS CORNER 


During the transition 

to a free-market 
economy, computers in 
Hungary have 

become widely 
available and 

much more affordable. 


G-16 


WORLD VIEW 


Geza Lucz 


VIEW FROM 
HUNGARY 


Even if you don’t know exactly 
where Hungary is, you've prob- 
ably heard about paprika and 
Hungarian goulash. Hungary 
is about the size of Indiana, 
with a population of about 10 
million people. About 20 per- 
cent of the population live in Bu- 
dapest, the capital, 

Being in the Carpathian Ba- 
sin, a natural crossroads for 
Eastern and Western Europe, 
Hungary has always felt a 
strong pull toward Western Eu- 
rope, even though it can feel 
Eastern at times. Around 
1988, Hungary reacted to this 
pull, shifting from a socialist to 
a Capitalist economy. 

During the transition to a 
free-market economy, comput- 
ers have become widely avail- 
able and much more afforda- 
ble, in spite of a still-low in- 
come level. A Commodore 64, 
for instance, now costs about 
14,000 forints ($180), and the 
price of a 1541 drive is about 
the same. For a little more 
than twice an average month- 
ly salary (39,000 forints or 
$500), you can purchase an 
Amiga 500 or an IBM-compat- 
ible computer. 

Until the late 1980s, comput- 
ers entering Hungary came pri- 
marily through private sales. 
There were shops in Austria, 
right across the border, that 
specialized in Hungarian cus- 
tomers. The big computer 
boom occurred about seven 
years ago when the first Hun- 
garian company started sell- 
ing Commodores, albeit at ir- 
rationally high prices. 

Thanks to a special govern- 
ment program, elementary 
and high schools are now on- 
line, equipped mostly with 
Commodores. These comput- 
ers have proven to be perfect 
for teaching children how to ap- 
ply computers to useful purpos- 
es. In colleges and universi- 


COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


ties, IBMs are the standard. 
There are many in-school net- 
works (Novell), but a linkup be- 
tween schools is still missing. 

Commodore software is usu- 
ally not available in stores. In 
spite of this, there are several 
options by which to update 
your game pool. There are 
magazines describing the lat- 
est games and utilities. All you 
have to do is pick out the pro- 
grams you're interested in and 
order them. Prices usually 
range between 200 forints 
and 400 forints ($3-$6). 

You can also go to club 
meetings and swap pro- 
grams. The best-known club 
is Commodore Egyesulet (Com- 
modore Association). It has 
had its own monthly magazine 
since 1985. In it, you can find 
programming tips and soft- 
ware and hardware reviews. 
This club also collects short 
programs that are created by 
members. These help other 
members learn programming. 

There are also workshops 
where you can have your old 
computer supercharged. For 
about 4000 forints ($50), you 
can have alittle electric circuit 
board added that can in- 
crease the speed of your 1541 
at least fivefold. You can also 
get software and hardware 
that speed up datasettes. 
Now you can buy four floppy 
disks for about the price of a 
good-quality audiotape, and 
they can store close to the 
same amount of data, as well. 

Available hardware ele- 
ments range from music dig- 
itizers and light pens to the 
Commodore mouse. In case 
you're not satisfied with your 
power supply, you can also 
buy certain kinds of kits. From 
these kits and with expertise, 
you can assemble any equip- 
ment in a couple of hours. Fi- 
nally, for about the price of an 
IBM AT, you can purchase a 
bridge card that makes your 
Amiga 500 compatible with 
the IBM XT. 


Servicing a computer in Hun- 
gary may be a difficult task if 
you don't live close to a major 
city, but there are many work- 
shops all over the country. 
Still, sometimes when an ex- 
pensive integrated circuit 
breaks down and needs to be 
exchanged, it's possible that 
the repair will cost more than 
a brand-new 64. When you're 
buying a new computer, 
some stores may give credit 
for an old operational or nonop- 
erational computer. In this way 
they solve their component sup- 
ply shortage, and you get a cer- 
tain amount of money for a 
computer that you probably 
couldn't have sold otherwise. 

Hungarians seem to love 
their Commodores, as their 
numbers still increase. It's al- 
so true, however, that 64s and 
128s have been slowly losing 
ground to Amigas. 

The 64 and 128 have al- 
ways had the most diverse pro- 
gram pool, with the most 
games, at the lowest prices. Be- 
cause of this, they've been the 
most popular game machines. 
Since the 64's introduction, chil- 
dren have always wanted it. 
Now these same children are 
in college or high school, and 
many are upgrading and enter- 
ing the world of IBM. 

Another challenge seems 
to be on the Commodore hori- 
zon, The new 10- to 15-year- 
old generation seems to be 
buying more Amigas. Flashy 
graphics, perfect music, and 
realtime motion seem to be 
the key words of the nineties. 
These features, combined 
with a huge quantity of good- 
quality programs, make the 
Amiga 500 a dream machine 
for Hungarian teenagers. 

Basically, the situation in 
Hungary is a healthy one for 
Commodore and the business 
that goes with it. Being a 
small country with big comput- 
er needs, Hungary will proba- 
bly be staying online with Com- 
modore for years. i] 


I thought my wife 


Then she forgot my name. 


1-800-621-0379 


(In Illinois 1-800-572-6037) 


1988 Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Associaton. inc 


SOFTWARE 


CLOSEOUTS 


For Commodore 64 & 128 


‘STRATEGIC SIMULATIONSINC. (SSI) ........ $19.50EACH 
Typhoon of Steel, War of the Lance, Curse of 
Azure Bonds, Pool of Radiance, Countdownto 
Doomsday, Batties of Napoleon, Tony LaRussa 
Baseball, B-24, Roadwar 2000, Hillstar, First 
over Germany, Heroes of Lance, Pro-Tour Golf, 
Battle for Normandy, Dragons of Flame or 
Dragonstrike. 


MICROPROSE& MICROPLAY SU4SOEACH 


Acrojet, Destroyer Escort, Netherworld, Rick |S 


Dangerous, Top Gunner, Xenophobe, Crusade in 
Europe, Decision in the Desert, Spitfire Ace, 
Hellcat Ace, Solo light, SilentService, Conflict 
in Vietnam, Stunt Track Racer, 3D Pool, F-15 
Strike Eagle, Airborne Ranger, or Pirates! 
ACCOLADE BARGAINS ..............0+00r0+ $5.00 EACH 
PSI5 Trading Co., Law of the West, Comics, 
Killed Until Dead, Hardball, Dambusters, Ace of 
Aces, Fight Night, or Jet Boys. 
TATOPREMIUMTITLES ........ . S14.50EACH 
Alcon, Arkanoid, Arkanoid II, Bubble Bobbie, Oix, 
Operation Wolf, Rambollll, Rastan or Renegade. 
ACTIVISION BARGAINS ...............»»»«. $5.00 EACH 
Toy Bizarre, Mindshadow, H.E.R.0., Crossbow 
Championship Baseball, Zenji or Powerdrift. 
ACTIVISIONPREMIUMTITLES ..........++00»» $14.50EACH 
e Bee Air Rally, Aliens, Ghostbusters Il, 
‘ond Dark Castle, Titanic, 


Mastertype/Writer Bundle, Perfect Score SAT, 
Shinobi, Gauntlet 2, Bop'nRumble, ColorMe, 
Combat Course, Into the Eagle's Nest, Indoor 
Sports, Boston Computer Diet, Songwriter, 
Thunderblade, Golden Oldies. 


COMPSULT 


P.0. BOX 5160 
SAN LUIS OBISPO 
CA 93403-5160 


ATTENTION USER GROUPS! 
WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU! 


Gazette will soon publish an 


user groups across the U.S., 
throughout Canada, and around the 
world. We are now in the process 
of updating this information. If your 
group did not appear in our last list an 
you wish to be included, 
send your club name, address, 


. list of Commodore 64/128 


Commodore 64/128 User Group Update 
COMPUTE’s Gazette 
324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200 
Greensboro, NC 27408 


and bulletin board service 
telephone number to 


Circle Reader Service Number 220 


|AVALONHILL GAME COMPANY ..........--$1OL00EACH 
Under Fire, MacBeth, Wooden Ships & Iron Men, 
Ripper!, Tsushima, Stocks & Bonds, Dr. Ruth, 
Parthian Kings, Jupiter Mission 1999,T.A.., 
Legionnaire, Tournament Golf, Maxwell Manor, 
Statis-Pro Baseball, Gulf Strike, Darkhorn, 
IGuderian, Mission on Thunderhead, Panzers East, 


Super Sunday, or Panzer Jagd 
INFOCOMBARGARS SS.OUEACH 


Deadline. 


Printed Word orThe Tool, by Valueware ........$275 
Partner 128 (cartridge tor C/128only), 
byTimeworks : 
Ghostwrter 128, by Hesware ((/128on!). 
ae 


$375 
S450 


ronLord, Putty sSaga Skate Wars BAT, Pick'NPle 
|Chessmaster2100, by Software Toolworks$14.50 
[Dragon Wars -or-Neuromancer, Interplay...$19.50 
Heatwave-or-Steel Thunder, Accolade...$16.* 
TONS OF ADDITIO! 3 
{COMMODORE 64/128. 
1 *HECKTI 
vi ‘OLL-FREE 
1-800-676-6616 


Credit Card Orders Only!!! ! ($25 minimum) 


(0 ORDER: Send check or money order, includin 
ipping charges of$5 for US, 
ners, Califor 


WE ALSO CARRY LOTS OF 
SOFTWARE FOR IBM, APPLE, MAC, 
AMIGA, ATARI & MORE! 


ie 


G-18 


Let's look 

at ways users 
can enter 
information into 
your program. 


BEGINNER BASIC 


Larry Cotton 


GATHERING 
INFORMATION 


Suppose you're writing a BA- 
SIC program that requires the 
user to enter something. 
There are three BASIC com- 
mands that accept information 
from a program's user: GET, 
WAIT, and INPUT. So which 
one or ones should you use? 
Let's look at all three. 

GET is probably the easiest 
and most flexible command to 
program. Its main disadvantag- 
es are that it lacks a blinking 
cursor and requires extra pro- 
gramming to accept more 
than one character. Here's 
GET at its simplest. 


100 GETA$: IFAS="*" THEN100 


GET (unlike INPUT) doesn’t 
wait for something to be 
typed unless immediately fol- 
lowed by an IF-THEN state- 
ment similar to the above. A$ 
is an empty (null) string varia- 
ble until the user presses a 
key. In this simple execution, 
A$ will be only one character: 
a letter, number, or even punc- 
tuation mark. 

Enter the above line and 
run it. The computer seems to 
be frozen in its tracks. Actual- 
ly it's in a loop within line 100, 
waiting for the user to press a 
key. If A$ is empty (the user 
hasn't hit a key yet), the IF- 
THEN repeatedly sends con- 
trol back to the beginning of 
the line at the rate of at least 
100 attempts per second. (To 
find out how many times GET 
loops, add a counter in front 
of the GET. C=C+1 will do it. 
Run the program; then divide 
C by the number of seconds 
the program runs. This slows 
GET down, so the actual num- 
ber of GETs is higher.) 

GET commands are often 
followed by more IF-THEN 
statements which evaluate 
the entered characters. 
Here’s one way to use GET to 


COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


form longer strings. 


100 GETA$: IFA$='*” THEN100 
110 IFAS="*" THEN140 

120 BS=B$+A$ 

130 GOTO100 

140 PRINTBS 


Run the program; then hit a 
few keys. When finished, 
press the asterisk key. What- 
ever you typed—almost any- 
thing except the asterisk, in- 
cluding spaces and carriage 
returns—should be printed on 
the screen. 

To rule out everything but 
one character, say, 7, do 
something like this. 


100 GETAS: IFAS <> “T”THEN100 


The symbols <> mean “is not 
equal to.” Multiple IF-THENs of- 
ten follow GET. 


90 PRINT “DO YOU WANT TO 
CONTINUE (Y=YES N=NO)?” 
100 GETAS: IFA$ <> “Y" THEN 
IFAS <> “‘N"THEN100 


The above routine waits for 
the user to type either Y for 
yes or N for no. It won't move 
on with any other response. Af- 
ter you present a menu of sev- 
eral numbered choices, you 
can use GET like this. 


100 GETAS: IFAS <> “1” ANDA$<> 
“2” ANDAS<> “3” THEN100 

110 IFAS="1" THEN . . . 

120 IFA$="2"THEN . . . 

TRU Sta 


Notice that IF-THEN isn’t need- 
ed in line 130. If 3 is typed, 
control falls through to that 
line, and another check isn’t 
necessary. As used above, 
AND takes the place of THEN 
IF in the preceding example. 

An alternative to the above 
approach is to take the value 
of A$ (using VAL) and use 
ON-GOTO. 


100 GETA$: IFAS<> “1” ANDA$<> 
“2” ANDAS$<> “3” THEN100 


110 ONVAL(A$)GOTO120,130,140 

120 PRINTYOU PRESSED 1!”: 
END 

130 PRINTYOU PRESSED 2!”: 
END 

140 PRINTYOU PRESSED 3!” 


In this particular case, one 
can use A$ itself to shorten 
the program. 


100 GETAS: IFAS<>‘‘1”AND 
A$<>‘'2” AND 
A$<>‘'3" THEN100 

110 PRINT“YOU PRESSED "A$‘‘!” 


Suppose you just wanted the 
user to enter numbers. 
What's wrong with using a nu- 
meric variable like this? 


100 GETA: IFA=OTHEN100 
110 PRINTA 


Nothing—or is it? Enter these 
lines; then try pressing any 
number key. No problem! But 
try typing a letter. Zing! 
You're rewarded with a error! 
To minimize problems with nu- 
merals, always use GET for a 
string variable; then use VAL 
to change the input to a num- 
ber. If you need numbers larg- 
er than a single digit, concat- 
enate the string, as you did in 
the second example above, 
and then use VAL. 

To finish up, here’s a neat 
trick to eliminate everything 
but numbers or letters. First, 
here's the one for numbers. 


100 GETA$: IFA$<‘'0" OR 
A$>‘9" THEN100 
110 PRINTVAL(AS) 


Yes, greater-than and less- 
than symbols can be used 
with A$. They evaluate the 
ASCII value of the character. 
Now, let's work with letters. 


100 GETAS: IFA$<''A” OR 
A$>‘'Z" THEN100 
110 PRINTAS$ 


Next month, we'll take a look 
at the INPUT command. O 


MACHINE LANGUAGE 


Jim Butterfield 


ANIMATED 
CHARACTERS 


Animation is always fun, and 
you can achieve it in a number 
of ways on your Commodore. 
You can create image move- 
ment by using sprites, turning 
pixels on and off on a high- 
resolution screen, or even us- 
ing graphics characters to 
write new information to the 
screen. There's one more meth- 
od that we'll investigate this 
month—animating the charac- 
ters themselves. 

That's what we'll do with 
Charzoom, a program for the 
64 or the 128 in 64 mode. 
Charzoom has a conventional 
character screen, but it uses 
a custom character set rather 
than the standard ROM char- 
acter base. To do our simple 
animation, we'll leave the 
screen data unchanged; in- 
stead, we'll modify the appear- 
ance of the letter Oin the char- 
acter set. 

To define custom charac- 
ters, we must place the whole 
character set somewhere in 
memory. I've chosen address- 
es 49152-51199 ($CO00- 
$C7FF) for the character de- 
scriptions. We'll copy these 
characters from ROM, so you 
won't notice any difference un- 
til we animate one of them, the 
letter O. 

All video—screen memory, 
characters, and sprites— 
must come from the same 
quadrant of memory in the 
64. For screen memory, | se- 
lected 51200-52223 ($C800- 
$CBFF). You'll see the POKEs 
to set all this up in the BASIC 
program; when the program 
ends, it puts everything back. 

The program copies the 
character set found in ROM at 
$DO000 to our chosen spot in 
RAM at $CO00. Since we must 
copy 2048 bytes, that's a nat- 
ural job for machine language. 
And ML also makes it easy to 
do another trick—make the 


character ROM visible. 

Here's the problem that we 
face: Addresses $DO00- 
$D800, where the character 
ROM resides, are normally the 
ones used by the I/O chips, 
CIAs, VIC-2, and SID. To see 
the characters, we must make 
the I/O chips disappear. 
That's fairly easy. We do it by 
turning off bit 2 of address 1. 

But there's another catch. If 
the I/O chips disappear, even 
for amoment, we must not al- 
low the IRQ interrupt to strike! 
This interrupt normally occurs 
every '/eé0 second and does 
such jobs as checking the key- 
board and updating the 
clock. It couldn't do its work if 
the I/O chips were gone; in 
fact, it would cause a system 
crash. So we lock out the in- 
terrupt with an SEI (Set Inter- 
rupt Disable), kick out the I/O 
chips, copy the ROM, and 
then put everything back and 
release the interrupt. Nothing 
to it, once you know how. 

You'll find the code to do 
this in memory at addresses 
$CCO0-$CC28. If you're used 
to the indirect, indexed ad- 
dressing mode, there should 
be no surprises there. 

Now let's have some fun. In 
screen PEEK and POKE 
terms, the letter Ois represent- 
ed by value 15. To find the 
character drawing, we multi- 
ply 15 by 8 (there are eight 
bytes for each character). Add- 
ing the result to our character 
base starting address, we 
find that the letter O-is drawn 
in the bytes at $CO78-$CO7F. 
The first byte contains the pix- 
els for the top of the charac- 
ter; the last byte, the pixels for 
the bottom. 

Our objective, then, is to 
roll the letter O so that it ap- 
pears to be moving upward. 
Each pixel line will replace the 
pixel line above it, except for 
the top one, which will flip to 
the bottom. In memory terms, 
that means each byte of the 
character description moves 


down one position, with the bot- 
tom one moving to the top. 

Machine language is too 
fast, however. Pixel moves 
need to be slowed to a rate of, 
say, ten per second. We 
achieve this slowdown by 
counting video raster scans 
and acting on every sixth 
scan. This reduction produces 
avery smooth scrolling effect 
on the screen. 

If you wish to use your dis- 
assembler to view the code, 
you'll find it at $CC29-$CC59. 
The outermost loop repeats un- 
til it detects that a key has 
been pressed. The middle 
loop does eight pixel rolls on 
the O character. Two inner- 
most loops are used, with one 
waiting six raster scans and 
the second moving the pixels. 

There's an extra bonus in us- 
ing the raster position as a tim- 
ing control. It ensures that the 
character won't be modified at 
the same instant that it’s being 
displayed. That way, we avoid 
screen jitter or tearing 


CHARZOOM 


KX 1606 DATA 169,208,162,192,16 
G,0,132,34,132,36,133,3 
5,134,37,128 

DATA 169,51,133,1,177,3 
4,145,36,208,208,249,23 
@,35,166,37,232 

DATA 224,200,208,233,16 
9,55,133,1,88,96 

DATA 162,0,160,6,173,17 
+208,205,8,205,141,0,28 
5,176,245,136 

DATA 28,242,173,126,19 
2,72,185,121,192,153,12 
@,192,200,192,8 

DATA 208,245,104,141,12 
7,192,232,224,8,208,216 
DATA 32,228,255,168,240 
1 208,96 

FOR J=52224 TO 52313 
READ X:T=T+X 

POKE 3,X 

NEXT J 

IF T<>12735 THEN STOP 
SYS 52224 

POKE 56576,4 

POKE 53272, 32 

POKE 648,206 

PRINT CHRS (147) 

PRINT "COMPUTE MAGAZINE 


cp 116 


sQ 120 
QH 130 


PX 146 


HK 150 
DK 160 


MF 260 
EJ 216 
BP 226 
AE 230 
Dc 246 
xc 300 
QH 310 
RX 320 
EX 330 
GH 406 
AJ 416 


FK 426 
Qk 430 


PRINT 
PRINT 
” 


"{5 SPACES}FOR" 
“COMMODORE MAGIC! 


MD 440 
FP 450 


PRINT 
PRINT 
STOP!" 

SYS 52265 

POKE 56576,7 

POKE 53272,26 

POKE 648,4 a 


“PRESS ANY KEY TO 


SA 466 
FF 500 
cG 516 
MP 526 


Animate on 

a small scale by 
moving pixels 
within a single 
Character. 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE 


Questions and 
answers 
about justified 
printing, and 


an enhancement to 


G-20 


File Logger 


FEEDBACK 


Not Justified 
| recently ordered the Speed- 
Script disk, and | am having 
trouble with the right-justifica- 
tion function. 

| type a letter and print it to 
disk with Shift+Ctrl+P, as stat- 
ed in the directions. | run SS 
Justified and enter the file- 
name of my letter. Having as- 
signed a left margin of 10 and 
a right margin of 70 on the 
original letter with MI=10 and 
fi =70, | enter 10,70 at the 
margin prompt as directed 
and press Return. All | get on 
my printout is one column of 
text running down the page. 
What's wrong? 
LYLE PRUETT 
HOLTON, KS 


Your problem is with your mar- 
gin settings. It's fortunate that 
you included a sample of 
how you set them instead of 
simply stating that you set the 
margins to 10 and 70. 

The | and r are in reverse 
type since they were entered 
after you pressed Ctrl+3 or 
Ctrl+£. You're making a mis- 
take by including equal signs 
when setting SpeedScript mar- 
gins. Do not use the equal 
signs when setting margins. 
What you have done by using 
an equal sign is to make the 
L key equal CHR$(10) and 
the R key equal CHR$(70). 
You haven't changed the mar- 
gins at all, and your 
SpeedScript default margins 
of 5 and 75 remain in effect. 
So when you tell SS Justified 
that your margins are 10 and 
70, you get the garbled out- 
put. 

SpeedScript Justified does 
require you to set the 1 key to 
CHR§(1) and the 2 key to 
CHR&(2). To do that, you do 
need the equal sign. To set 
the margins, however, omit 
the equal sign. At the top of a 
SpeedScript file that you plan 
to print justified with a left mar- 
gin of 10 and a right margin 
of 70, you should have some- 


COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


thing like the following. 


Mhofi7o 


Then be sure to put the 
where you want your justifica- 
tion to begin and & where 
you want it to end. 


File Logger Revisited 

I've just finished loading and 
testing Roger Bachelder's 
File Logger program (June 
1992) and have come up 
with an enhancement that will 
allow the program to handle 
locked files, those that are pro- 
tected from being scratched. 
They normally appear as XXX 
files, and the starting address- 
es are omitted. Try entering 
the following line. 


425 IF ASC(K$)>191 THEN 
K=ASC(K$+CHRS$(0))- 
192: GOTO 440 


This line may cause the pro- 
gram to crash, however, if it 
encounters a splat file. 

Scratched files also appear 
as XXxX files in the original ver- 
sion. If you don’t want deleted 
files to appear in the listing, en- 
ter the following line. 


375 IF K$=""" THEN 520 


DAVID KLICH 
MT. PROSPECT, IL 


Saving Data 

How can | save data or varia- 
bles to disk? BASIC’s SAVE 
command doesn’t work. 


J. S. SAMPLE 
FT. PIERCE, FL 


It might seem that the logical 
thing to do when saving vari- 
ables to disk is to use a com- 
mand like SAVE “A$",8, but 
that would only save whatev- 
er program was in memory un- 
der the filename A$. Unfortu- 
nately, variable storage is a 
bit more complicated than 
that, but it’s very useful when 


you know how to do it. For ex- 
ample, if you're building a cus- 
tom database, it often makes 
sense to have a program for 
handling the database and a 
separate disk file for the actu- 
al data or information itself. 

BASIC commands for ma- 
nipulating programs don't 
work with variables. For exam- 
ple, once a program is in mem- 
ory, you can put it onto the 
screen with LIST. But you 
can't list a variable; you must 
print it. 

The SAVE command 
sends a program to tape or 
disk; LOAD recalls a saved 
program. But SAVE and 
LOAD, like LIST, don't work 
with variables. They're com- 
mands that apply to pro- 
grams only. Take a look at 
this example. 


10 A$ = “John Smith” 
20 SAVE A$,8 


When this program executes, 
it saves itself to disk under 
the filename John Smith! If 
you load and list John Smith, 
you'll see the above two lines 
of code. 

To save a variable, you 
must open a file; print the var- 
iable, number, or string to the 
file with PRINT#; and then 
close the file. Here are a cou- 
ple of ways to do it. 


10 A$="THIS IS A TEST” 

20 OPEN1,8,2,“‘TESTFILE,S,W” 
30 PRINT#1,A$ 

40 PRINT#1,"“END OF TEST” 
50 CLOSE1 


The first number after 
OPEN in line 20 is the logical 
file number, which can be 
any number from 0 to 127. 
This number is used later in 
the PRINT# and CLOSE state- 
ments. It's followed by a com- 
ma and the device number (a 
disk drive is device 8). The 
third number is the secondary 
adaress. For disk files, the sec- 
ondary address specifies the 


disk channel which will be 
used and which must be in 
the range 2-14. The filename 
is followed by ,S,W which 
means it is a sequential file 
and we are writing to it. 

When a disk file is opened, 
the drive light turns on and 
stays on until the file is 
closed. Be sure to close a file 
when you've finished with it. 

Line 30 uses PRINT# to 
print the A$ variable to the 
disk, and line 40 illustrates an- 
other way to print a string. 
Line 50 closes the file. 

To reverse the process, de- 
lete line 10. In line 20 change 
the S,W to S,R because now 
we want to read the sequen- 
tial file rather than write to it. 
Since we now want to také in- 
formation (A$) from the disk, in- 
stead of PRINT#1, A$ in line 
30, we use INPUT#1,A$. That 
loads A$ into memory, and 
PRINT A$ prints it onscreen. 
Since we have two strings on 
disk, we have to repeat this 
line to read the second one. 
Here's a simple routine that 
will do the job. You can make 
it more sophisticated, depend- 
ing on your needs. 


20 OPEN1,8,2,"‘TESTFILE,S,W” 
30 INPUT#1,A$: PRINT A$ 

40 INPUT#1,A$: PRINT A$ 

50 CLOSE1 


Using INPUT# on strings 
longer than 80 characters will 
return a STRING TOO LONG 
error. In such a case, use 
GET# instead. It lets you 
read sequential files a charac- 
ter at a time. Use a FOR- 
NEXT loop or GOTO state- 
ment to read the entire file. 


File Types 

Can you explain the different 
file types | see whenever | list 
a disk directory? 


TOM GAYNOR 
HYDE PARK, NY 


The 64's Disk Operating Sys- 
tem (DOS) provides for five 


types of disk files: program 
files, sequential files, user 
files, relative files, and delet- 
ed files. On a directory they 
usually appear as PRG, SEQ, 
USR, and REL. DEL is a delet- 
ed file, but it does not appear 
on a normal directory listing. 

When you save a program, 
your computer has to read 
through program memory 
and send information through 
the cable to the disk drive. 
The drive could put the pro- 
gram anywhere on the disk, 
but you wouldn't want it to 
overwrite other programs or 
files. So DOS has to keep 
track of where the programs 
or other files are. It puts the 
name of the file into the disk di- 
rectory, marks it as a pro- 
gram, looks at the Block Allo- 
cation Map (BAM) to find 
some free space on the disk, 
and then saves the program. 

A program file (PRG) is 
just what the name implies. 
It's information that was 
saved as a program. In most 
cases it contains a BASIC or 
machine language program. 
It might contain a section of 
memory that's been trans- 
ferred to disk using BASIC’s 
SAVE routine. SpeedScript, 
for example, saves its text to 
disk as PAG files. To get the 
program back into the comput- 
er, you use the LOAD com- 
mand. LOAD works only on 
PRG files. 

A sequential file (SEQ) is 
most often used for storing in- 
formation such as mailing 
lists, inventories, etc. Instead 
of SAVE, you use OPEN, 
PRINT#, and CLOSE to write 
to the file. To read it, use 
OPEN, INPUT# or GET#, and 
CLOSE. Information in such 
files is accessed sequentially 
starting from the first entry in 
the file. So to get to item num- 
ber 319 in a sequential file, 
you must read through the 
318 prior entries. 

Relative files (REL) are also 
used to store information. 


They're trickier to work with, 
but they can save a lot of 
time when you're working 
with many files. Such files are 
accessed with the OPEN com- 
mand, but the data records 
are numbered. So before you 
read in the data, you have to 
position a pointer. This lets 
you home in on the desired re- 
cord. To reach record num- 
ber 319, for example, you 
just set the pointer to 319, 
and the disk drive goes 
straight to that record, rather 
than searching though all of 
the previous records. Relative 
files are faster than sequential 
files for individual records and 
don't require much of the com- 
puter’s memory, because the 
entire file isn’t read in. 

USR files have a special- 
ized purpose, and you'll rare- 
ly see them used outside of 
GEOS disks. You can open 
and write to them as if they 
were sequential files (replac- 
ing the S for sequential with a 
U for user). Since the VALI- 
DATE command scratches ran- 
dom files, some programmers 
will create dummy USR files 
to protect data written to 
disk. There's also a machine 
language technique for writ- 
ing PRG files to USR files. 

A deleted file (DEL) is one 
which no longer exists in the di- 
rectory and has no blocks re- 
served for it in BAM. When 
you scratch a program or file 
from the disk, it's not actually 
erased. The directory entry is 
marked as a deleted file, and 
the BAM is updated, freeing 
the space allocated by the pro- 
gram. The file still exists on the 
disk until you save or write 
new information to the blocks 
occupied by that file. By using 
a disk editor, you can change 
the byte in the directory which 
indicates a deleted file to its 
original value. Now validate the 
disk with OPEN15,8,15: 
PRINT#15, “VO”: CLOSE15 to 
update the BAM and restore 
the deleted file. a 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE 


Problems with 


saving variables to 


disk, and an 
explanation of 
file types 


G-21 


The ultimate GEOS 


hardware that | 


selected last month 


G-22 


now needs the 
ultimate in GEOS 
software. 


GEOS 


Steve Vander Ark 


ULTIMATE GEOS 
(PART 2) 


In last month’s column | put to- 
gether what | consider to be 
the ultimate GEOS hardware 
configuration. If you'll recall, it 
consisted of a flat 128 with the 
following: a 1571, a CMD FD- 
4000 high-density 3%-inch 
drive, a RAMLink loaded with 
a brain-numbing 16 megs of 
memory, a CMD 200-meg 
hard drive, two monitors, and 
a mouse. | figured | wouldn't 
need the 64K video RAM that 
you get with the 128D, since 
no GEOS program that | knew 
of made use of it, At the time 
| made that list, | wasn't sure 
how | was going to access 
four drives from GEOS. 
Since then, New Horizon 
Software has released its Land- 
mark Series disk. As a result, 
I've had to add the extra vid- 
eo RAM since several excel- 
lent programs on that disk re- 
quire it. Landmark Series also 
presents a possible solution to 
my four-drive problem with Du- 
alTop, a file manager program 
to replace the deskTop. 
Great as this may be, that so- 
lution only compounds the dif- 
ficulties in selecting software 
for my ultimate GEOS system, 
which is what I'll do this 
month. Before | get into that, 
however, I'll state the obvious 
and note that we'll be using 
the 128 GEOS version 2.0. 
That part is easy. Now 
comes the hard part: selecting 
the file manager software. 
Why not stick with the desk- 
Top? After all, it's probably the 
best-known file manager. 
With the GEOS utilities now 
available from Creative Micro 
Designs, the deskTop can han- 
dle the various CMD devices 
that we want to plug into our 
system. | am sorely tempted to 
stick with the deskTop, since 
I'm so familiar with it. But the 
deskTop can only access 
CMD devices like RAMLink in 


COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


1581-sized chunks, and I'm 
planning to set up a larger na- 
tive mode partition rather than 
chop up that 16 megs. (When 
| create a bunch of partitions, 
| always end up placing a lot 
of duplicate files in each parti- 
tion, which really wastes 
space.) On top of that, the 
deskTop drivers can only ac- 
cess the FD-4000 super drive 
as 1581 partitions. No, for all 
its ease of use and cute little 
icons, the deskTop simply isn't 
powerful enough to handle the 
high-tech equipment in our ul- 
timate GEOS system. 

So what about DualTop 
3.0? It can certainly handle 
CMD RAM devices, and as | 
mentioned, it lets you access 
up to four disk drives. The 
unique display, showing the 
directories of two drives simul- 
taneously, is anice touch, and 
no file manager software for 
GEOS can match its speed, 
especially as it scrolls through 
a directory. 

| realize that icon fans de- 
cry the trend away from pic- 
tures toward simple lists of file- 
names, but frankly, you waste 
alot of time waiting for the desk- 
Top to draw its little pictures. 
With DualTop, you can scroll 
through the alphabetical list of 
names almost faster than you 
can read them. DualTop also 
features a RAM drive priority 
system. This means that when- 
ever you double-click on a file 
or document to open it, the sys- 
tem first checks the RAM 
drives or drives for the appli- 
cation, regardless of where 
the document is stored, since 
applications run much faster 
from the RAM drive. 

As to its look and feel, Du- 
alTop loses a little ground 
when we compare it to the 
deskTop or to Gateway, 
which we'll talk about in a mo- 
ment. The screen is a bit busy 
with the two directories show- 
ing (a nice feature, but one | 
seldom need), and operation 
isn't as intuitive as it is with the 


deskTop, even with the file op- 
eration buttons constantly dis- 
played. And DualTop, like the 
deskTop, sees RAM devices 
as drive-emulating partitions 
only. Even so, DualTop's four- 
drive support and its RAM 
drive priority system make it a 
very strong contender. 

Gateway fully supports 
CMD RAM devices in either 
drive-emulating or native 
mode. Drivers written for Gate- 
way allow it to access the FD- 
4000 drive the way it’s sup- 
posed to be accessed, as a 
3,2-meg wonder, not as two or 
more 1581 drives. Until recent- 
ly, however, | wouldn't have 
been able to recommend Gate- 
way because of the number of 
bugs still plaguing it, but the 
program has been reworked 
by Jim Collette, and it's now 
bug-free. Gateway has always 
been intuitive and a joy to 
use—except when one of 
those notorious bugs jumped 
out at you. Now that it's safe, 
Gateway might just be the 
way to go. Unfortunately, Gate- 
way won't support four drives, 
a very big minus for my ulti- 
mate system. 

Another contender is 
geoShell, the DOS-style com- 
mand line interface for GEOS. 
GeoShell will access four 
drives, but again only as 1581 
partitions. And when it comes 
to look and feel, well, what can 
| say? GeoShell isn't a graph- 
ics interface at all, and this is 
GEOS, after all. 

Do you start to see the prob- 
lems | had picking this soft- 
ware? | figured I'd just rattle off 
a few names and be done 
with it. So where do | turn? | 
suppose the only way to go is 
Gateway, since handling 
three drives completely is bet- 
ter than incompletely handling 
four. That leaves us with a few 
more decisions to make, but 
I've run out of room this 
month. | guess this ultimate 
GEOS series will skip along for 
yet another issue. 0 


NEW PRODUCTS From Makers of RAMDRIVE 


BBG RAM 


Battery Back-up 
Ram Disk for 
GEOS 2.0 and 
GEOS 128, 2.0 


e Magnitudes faster than any floppy or 
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¢ 2MEG model has capacity of TEN 1541's 

e Includes GEOS application to select one of 
up to five 1571's 

e Reboots GEOS from BBG Ram quickly and quietly 

e Supplied with wall mount power supply and 

battery cable and holder 

Automatically detects power out and switches 

to back-up mode 

e Activity light indicates access 

e Battery used only when wall mount AC power 
supply off 


INTRODUCTORY PRICE 


MODEL 512 1 MEG 2 MEG 
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| @ 
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BBU 


Battery Back-up 
Interface 

Module for 
Commodore 

17xx REU’s and 
Berkley Softworks’ 
GEORAM 512 


Reset button without data loss 

Activity indicator light during access 

Battery low voltage indicator 

Wall-mounted power supply and battery holder 
and cable supplied 

GEOS compatible, allows reboot to GEOS 
Automatic battery back-up, no switches to push 
Battery powers unit only when AC power off 

BBU supplies power to 17xx REU’s and GEORAM. 
Commodore heavy power supply not required 


INTRODUCTORY 00 
PRICE S49 


Call: 1-800-925-9774 


(Mastercard 
GEOS registered Trademark of Berkley Softworks, Inc. os 4 
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Inc. Loudonville, New York 12211 Canada $10.00 S&H 
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COMPUTE’s 


SpeedScript Disk 


A powerful word processing 
package for Commodore 64 
and 128 owners 


A Great Deal for Commodore 
Users! 


° SpeedScript for the 64 


° SpeedScript 128—80-column version 
¢ Spelling checkers 

° Mail merge 

* Date-and-time stamp 

° 80-column preview for the 64 


* Turbo save and load 


¢ Plus more than a dozen other SpeedScript 
support utilities all on one disk (including 
full documentation) 


l YES! Send me 


| SpeedScript Disk. 


I've enclosed $11.95 plus $2.00 postage and handling. (Outside 
U.S. and Canada add $1.00 for surface mail or $3.00 for 
| airmail.) 


| ORDER NOW! 


copies of COMPUTE'’s 


Amount 
Sales Tax’ 


Total 


Address 


State 


Mail personal check or money order to 

| Commodore SpeedScript Disk 

| 324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200 
Greensboro, NC 27408 

i 


Residents of North Carolina and New York, add appropriate tax for your area, Canadian 


orders, add 7% good and services tax 


Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. Program available only on 54-inch disks. 


Waming! 
The sun may bum 
out before 


G-24 


to an end. 


PROGRAMMER’S PAGE 


Randy Thompson 


TO FILL A CELL 


Consider the character—a sim- 
ple 8 x 8 cell. It's the basic 
building block of almost any 
64 or 128 screen. 

Being somewhat unoccu- 
pied, |, while pondering the gra- 
phical magnitude of the unas- 
suming character, wrote the 
following 64 program. Believe 
it or not, this program gener- 
ates every possible character 
that can be created in an 8 x 
8 cell, and it does so without 
any human assistance. 

The inner workings of this 
program are really quite sim- 
ple. Considering that a charac- 
ter is defined by the values 
stored in eight consecutive 
bytes, a character definition 
can be treated as one large 64- 
bit (eight-byte) number. So to 
generate every possible char- 
acter, you simply start at 
$0000000000000000_ and 
count up by 1. By the time you 
reach $FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, 
the 64 will have calculated 
and displayed every possible 
character. 

With a program such as 
this, you don't need to be ar- 
tistic. Whenever you want an 
impressive Gothic font or cool 
alien shape, just run this pro- 
gram and sit around until you 
see the image you like best. 
Let the computer do the work. 
Simple, right? 

Wrong! 

To be honest, this program 
is absolutely ludicrous. While 
$FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF may 
look like a fairly manageable 
number in hexadecimal, con- 
sider its phenomenal base- 
ten representation. It equals 
18,446,744,073,709,551,616. 
(I don’t even know how to pro- 
nounce this number.) Don't try 
converting this number on 
your home calculator, folks. It 
won't work. In fact, | had to 
hand-calculate this number, 
so please forgive me if you dis- 
cover any misplaced digits. 

Silly as it is, | found my char- 


COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


acter-generating program to 
be quite intriguing. It makes 
one think: Shouldn't a comput- 
er be able to effortlessly com- 
pute and display every possi- 
ble Commodore 64 charac- 
ter—a small graphic blob con- 
fined within a simple 8 x 8 
grid? The fact is that it can't. 

Computers are fast, but 
they're simply not up to the 
task of computing every pos- 
sible character, no matter how 
small and insignificant a char- 
acter cell might appear. First 
of all, the maximum speed at 
which the computer can 
switch between displaying 
one character and another is 
approximately '/éo of a sec- 
ond. That's the scan rate of 
your TV and most computer 
monitors, unless you live in the 
U.K., where scan rates are on- 
ly 50 frames per second, Even 
if your monitor could handle 
faster screen updates, your 
eyes couldn't. So due to both 
human and computer limita- 
tions, the best your 64 or 128 
(or any other computer, for 
that matter) can hope to dis- 
play is 60 different characters 
in a second. 

So how long would it take? 
Since an eight-byte number is 
practically unfathomable, let's 
cut the size of the character in 
half for illustration purposes. 
For example, let's make the 
character half as tall (8 x 4) so 
that the character definition is 
only four bytes in size. (This 
much more than halves the 
number of possible charac- 
ters since a four-byte number 
can hold a value only 
1/4,294,967,296 as large as an 
eight-byte number. 

A four-byte number can 
hold a value between 
$00000000 and $FFFFFFFF. 
This works out to be 
4,294,967 ,296 different charac- 
ter patterns. At 60 characters 
per second, it would take over 
two years for the computer to 
finish displaying all possible 8 
x 4 characters. That means 


that with an 8 x 8 character, 
it would take over two years be- 
fore any pixels in the top half 
of the character would even be- 
gin to change. 

If you understand binary 
numbering, it's easier to under- 
stand the order in which my 
program cycles through each 
character definition. Each pix- 
el is being treated as a sepa- 
rate bit in an ever-increasing 
binary number. Observe the 
program in progress, and 
you'll see the pattern. The low- 
est byte affects the charac- 
ter's lowest line of pixels while 
the least significant bit of 
each byte affects the charac- 
ter's rightmost pixels. As a re- 
sult, pixels are twiddled (for 
lack of a better word) in right- 
to-left, bottom-to-top order. 

While the program runs, 
see if you can locate the pixel 
situated in the character's 
third row, second column. 
Gloomy as it may sound, you 
will die before this pixel 
comes to life. See the first pix- 
el sitting on the top line? The 
sun will burn out about the 
time this sucker lights up. 
Mind-boggling, isn’t it? 

So what's the final result? 
To complete the entire set of 
8 x 8 characters, it would 
take 9,749,040,289 years. In 
words, that's nine billion, sev- 
en hundred forty-nine million, 
forty thousand, two hundred 
eighty-nine years. That's give 
or take 90 days or so. 

Now, consider the sprite... ! 


EB 106 POKE 53280,0:POKE 53281 


,O:PRINT "{CLR}" 

FOR I=12288 TO 12295:P0 
KE I,@:POKE I+40,6:NEXT 
FOR I=828 TO 854:READ D 
:POKE I,D:C=C+D:NEXT 


BR 116 
KG 120 


DX 130 IF C<>310@ THEN PRINT " 
ERROR IN DATA STATEMENT 


S":END 


CD 146 POKE 53272, (PEEK (53272 
AND 240) OR 12:POKE 15 
23,@:POKE 55795,13:SY¥S 
{SPACE}828 

BE 156 DATA 162,7,173,17,208,4 
8,251,173 

BH 16@ DATA 17,208,16,251,189, 
6, 48,024 

RX 176 DATA 105,1,157,0,048,26 
8,233,202 

DE 188 DATA 16,242,96 o 


PROGRAMS 


DEMON 


By Vaughan Bardell 

Just as you were ready to pull your hair 
out in frustration, here is the ultimate in 
disk monitors to ease the pain. If ever 
there was a tool for delving into files, this 
is it. 

DeMON is an enhanced disk monitor 
for the 64 that fills the gap between a 
memory resident and a cartridge-based 
monitor. It enables the user to view and 
edit files on disk using powerful com- 
mands, without directly loading the file in- 
to memory. 

The main advantage of a disk monitor 
is its ability to view a large file on disk with- 
out the need to load it into memory. This 
overcomes the problem encountered 
when the file takes up most of the mem- 
ory, leaving little, if any, for the monitor. 

To get the most out of DeMON, an un- 
derstanding of Commodore 64 assembly 
language and experience with machine 
language monitors is necessary. Novic- 
es can use it to view text in a file, among 
other features. 


Typing in DeMON 

DeMON is a large program written en- 
tirely in machine language. To enter it, 
use MLX, our machine language entry 
program. See “Typing Aids” elsewhere 
in this section. When MLX prompts, re- 
spond with the following. 


Starting address: 8000 
Ending address: 9967 


When you've finished typing, save sev- 
eral copies to disk before leaving MLX. 


Using DeMON 
Load DeMON with ,8,1 and then press 
the Restore key. The screen will turn 
dark blue, and a startup message will 
appear. After exiting DeMON the Re- 
store key can be used to restart the pro- 
gram as long as it hasn't been overwrit- 
ten by another program. 

Restore also returns you to the com- 
mand entry mode. This can be used in 
the event of a crash or to stop the 
Load or Hunt operations. Many of the 
commands are exited simply by using 
the Run/Stop key. 

Use the space bar to pause listings. 
Press it again to let the listing continue. 
On some commands other features 


can be accessed while the listing is 
paused, 

All addresses in DeMON are hexa- 
decimal. No dollar sign is required be- 
fore hex values. If one is included, an 
error will result, Track and sector num- 
bers, however, are in decimal and are 
expected to be entered in decimal. 
The ending address of a file using De- 
MON is the last byte of a file, not the 
ending address plus 1 as is common 
with many monitors. This is important 
since some commands list the ending 
address of a file. 

If you call a file that isn't on the cur- 
rent disk, you'll get an error message. 
Insert the correct disk and press Re- 
turn again to continue. 


The Commands 

When DeMON is in command entry 
mode, you'll see a line prompt (>) and 
a flashing cursor. The commands are 
represented by a one- or two-letter ab- 
breviation, followed by appropriate par- 
ameters. Below is a description fol- 
lowed by a summary of all the 13 main 
DeMON commands. 


Load (L). To set up a file for use with De- 
MON, you must first load it. The load 
command constructs a table of the 
link track and sectors in memory. A 
file in the directory can be loaded, or 
the starting track and sector of a file 
can be entered. DeMON will load the 
file starting at that track and sector. 
Please note that if the latter option is 
used, then the first two bytes of the sec- 
tor are expected to be the link track 
and sector, and the next two, the start- 
ing address of the file. 

To load a file, type L with the file- 
name in quotes (L‘filename”). As with 
a normal load from the disk drive, all 
forms of pattern matching are’ accept- 
able. The ,8 isn’t required. 

To load a file using the starting 
track and sector, type the load com- 
mand followed by a comma, the track, 
another comma, and then the sector. 
For example, L,19,5 will load a file start- 
ing at track 19, sector 5. 

After loading, the file's starting and 
ending addresses will be displayed. 


Find address (FA). This command is 
very handy for finding the position of a 
specified address from the current file 


on the disk. The command will list the 
track, sector, and position in the sector 
of an address in the file. The command 
is followed with an address that is be- 
tween the starting and ending address- 
es of the current file, inclusive—for ex- 
ample, FA 6F0O1. 


Relocate (RL). If the load address of 
the current file needs to be changed, 
use the relocate command. Follow the 
command with the new starting ad- 
dress. This command also clears the 
current offset. More about that later. 


Offset (OF). The offset command is sim- 
ilar to relocate but allows more flexibil- 
ity with the changing of addresses. It al- 
lows an offset to be set which is added 
to the addresses in the file. This is par- 
ticularly helpful when the file moves 
part of itself once in memory. After us- 
ing offset, any JMPs or JSRs to the 
transferred portion can be viewed. 

The offset command is followed by 
the new address, an equal sign, and 
then the old address, The new address 
now equals the old address—for exam- 
ple, OF 2000=0900. 

The command is like a soft relocate 
since the offset can be cleared by en- 
tering OF without the addresses. 


List address (LA). The list address com- 
mand is used for listing the starting 
and ending addresses of the current 
file. It can also calculate new starting 
and ending addresses from an input 
starting or ending address for the file. 
It doesn't change addresses. 

Type the command without parame- 
ters to list the starting and ending ad- 
dresses of the current file. If an ad- 
dress is included after the command, 
then the ending address of the current 
file, if it were to be loaded at this ad- 
dress, would be calculated and print- 
ed along with the starting address. 

If a comma precedes the input ad- 
dress, then this address will be interpret- 
ed as the ending address. The starting 
address, if the file ends at this ad- 
dress, will be calculated and printed. 


Exit DeMON (X). Use this command to 
exit DeMON back to BASIC. A BASIC 
Program can be typed in without fear 
of its overwriting DeMON since the end 
of the BASIC storage area is moved 

DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE G-25 


PROGRAMS 


down in memory. Be sure to type NEW 
before entering a BASIC program. 


Disassemble (D). Disassemble is one 
of the major commands and is the 
crux of DeMON. It is different from 
most monitors but has features that al- 
low flexible disassembly of machine lan- 
guage programs. 

Two modes are accessible in disas- 
semble. These are interrupted and con- 
tinuous modes. In continuous mode, 
the file is listed on the screen, like list- 
ing a BASIC program. The screen 
scrolls up as more data is printed. 
Press the space bar to halt the listing. 

In interrupted mode, the file listing is 
printed page by page. At the end of 
each page DeMON waits for keyboard 
input from the user. The space bar will 
continue disassemble with the next 
page. Other keys can be pressed at 
this stage to access other advanced 
features. 

One advantage of interrupted mode 
is that at the end of the file, the mes- 
sage THE END will be printed. Other 
features can then be used to jump else- 
where in the file instead of ending dis- 
assemble by pressing the space bar. 
More features will be detailed later. 

The disassemble mode can be tog- 
gled while the listing is paused, either 
in interrupted or continuous mode, by 
pressing f8. 

If only Dis entered, disassemble 
commences at the beginning of the 
file. If an address follows the com- 
mand, then disassemble starts at that 
address. Modes can be preset by in- 
cluding the suffix ,C for continuous 
mode or ,| for interrupted mode. When 
started, DeMON is in interrupted 
mode. 

The screen display in disassemble 
consists of the memory address, the as- 
sembly language code (followed by 
the bytes of that command), the ASCII, 
and then the screen code representa- 
tions of these bytes. The screen 
codes are the characters that would ap- 
pear if these bytes were placed direct- 
ly into screen memory. 

To exit disassemble, press Run/ 
Stop. This returns you to command en- 
try mode. Before examining the other 
features available with disassemble, 
let's take a look at the rest of DeMON's 
primary commands. 


G-26 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


Interrogate (1). Interrogate is used to 
view simultaneously the hex bytes in 
the file and their ASCIl/screen code rep- 
resentations. The display scrolls up- 
ward as data is printed. On the far left 
is the address of the first byte on that 
line. Eight hex bytes follow and then 
their representations are shown, 
These are preceded by an apostro- 
phe. Place ,S after the address to 
view screen codes; omit the suffix for 
normal ASCII display. During viewing, 
the mode can be toggled by using the 
f3 key once the listing is paused. 

The f4 key toggles between interro- 
gate and disassemble. It can be used 
with text list, interrogate, or disassem- 
ble in interrupted or continuous mode 
while the listing is paused. Like the dis- 
assemble command, the interrogate 
command can be used with the default 
address function if no address is en- 
tered—for example, |; | 5000; | 5000,S; 
or |,S. 


Text list (TL). This command rapidly 
scans a file for any text or messages. 
It will simultaneously print the ASCII 
and screen code of the bytes in the 
file in two columns, with ASCII on the 
left and screen codes on the right. A 
black hyphen separates the two col- 
umns. To use the command, either en- 
ter an address after the command or 
leave it blank for the default starting ad- 
dress. 

To toggle between text list and inter- 
rogate, press f1 while the listing is 
paused. Run/Stop will exit the text list. 


Change (C). Use this command to al- 
ter bytes in a file. It allows character 
strings, byte strings, and assembly 
code to be entered anywhere in a file. 
The entry must, however, fit in the file. 
It cannot extend beyond the end of the 
file. 

The entry is performed line by line. A 
period (.) at the start of the line indi- 
cates that DeMON expects the next 
change-line entry. At the beginning of 
a line is the address at which the 
bytes in that line will be stored. This ad- 
dress can be anywhere in the file, and 
entries don't have to be in ascending 
address order. 

After the address comes the actual 
data that is to be stored in the file. On- 
ly one type of entry can be on any sin- 


gle line. The first character distinguish- 
es what type of entry it is: assembly, 
string, byte, or no entry. 

To enter assembly language, no 
such character is required. Just simply 
type in a valid assembly statement, mak- 
ing sure any branches are in range, 
and press Return. When entering LSR, 
ASL, ROL or ROR commands that use 
the accumulator addressing mode, no 
A needs to follow the command. All 
hex numbers must be preceded by a 
dollar sign when typing in an assembly 
line. No other number base can be 
used to enter numbers. No spaces be- 
tween the command and the address- 
ing mode code are needed. 

Here are some examples. 


-5000 LDA$7000,X 

-1209 BNE$1250 

.31FF LDY#$91 

-A9FO “Mary had a little lamb.” 


To enter a character string on a line, en- 
close the string in double quotes. Spac- 
es inside quotes will be recognized. 

A byte string may be entered by pre- 
ceding the 8-bit hex numbers with a co- 
lon. Spaces between the bytes are not 
necessary, but they make the entry eas- 
ier to read. 


-FO00 :01 FF 41 20 50 49 47 


To finish the entry, press Return on a 
blank line. DeMON will then ask you to 
confirm that you want the changes 
sent to disk. If you do, press Y and Re- 
turn. If not, press N or just Return. 
When you press Return at the end of a 
data entry line, DeMON checks the 
line, enters it into memory, and then 
prints the address that follows the last 
byte in the previous line. You can edit 
this address if you like. 

DeMON stores the entered changes 
in RAM under BASIC ROM at $A000. It 
doesn't limit the number of bytes to 
change, but it does limit the number of 
lines to be changed at one time to 255. 


Hunt (H). This command enables you 
to search the file for a character or 
byte string. Follow the hunt command 
with a character string enclosed in dou- 
ble quotes or a byte string. Follow this 
with the optional parameters for setting 
the search block. To hunt from a spe- 


cific address to the end of a file, in- 
clude a comma and the address after 
the string. To hunt from the beginning 
of a file to a certain address, include 
two commas and the address after the 
string. Finally, to hunt between two ad- 
dresses in a file, follow the string with 
a comma, the hunt starting address, 
another comma, and the hunt ending 
address. At the end of the hunt, De- 
MON will output all the addresses at 
which the string was found. 

The hunt command is reasonably 
fast, hunting through a 200-block file in 
less than 25 seconds. DeMON will 
stop after it locates the first 127 finds. 
If this happens, BUFFER FULL will ap- 
pear on the screen. To search the rest 
of the file, simply specify the last ad- 
dress found as the starting address for 
the next hunt. 

Here are some examples. 


H “food” 

H 01 02 03 20 

H “great”,2300 (Search from $2300 to 
end of file.) 

H FF DO 00,,1000 (Search from start of 
file to $1000.) 

H “ball”,2000,4000 (Search between 
$2000 and $4000.) 


Directory ($). Entering this character 
and pressing Return loads the directo- 
ry of the disk in the drive. The listing 
can be paused, as with other listings, 
by pressing the space bar. Run/Stop ex- 
its the listing. 

Pattern matching is supported with 
the directory listing so only files match- 
ing the pattern entered will be dis- 
played. Follow the dollar sign with a co- 
lon and the pattern, such as $:FAD". 


Disk drive status (@). This command 
allows you to read the disk drive error 
channel for an error that may have 
occurred, 


Disk command (@). To send a disk 
command, precede it with the at sym- 
bol (@). No quotes are needed—for ex- 
ample, @ R:RAISIN=SULTANA. 


Command Summary 
Here is a summary of DeMon's 13 
main commands. 


Load (L). Load a file. 


Find address (FA). List track, sector, 
and position of an address in a file. 


Relocate (RL). Set new starting ad- 
dress for a file. 


Offset (OF). Set an offset which is add- 
ed to absolute addresses output. 


List address (LA). List starting and end- 
ing addresses of a file. 


Exit (X). Exit DeMON. 


Disassemble (D). Disassemble code 
from a file. 


Interrogate (I). Examine bytes in a file. 
Text list (TL). List text found in a file. 
Change (C) Change data in a file. 


Hunt (H). Hunt through a file for a spec- 
ified character or byte string. 


Directory ($). Display disk directory. 
Drive status or disk command (@). 


Other Disassemble Features 

When the disassemble display is 
paused in the interrupted mode, f5 and 
f1 can be used to access two ad- 
vanced commands that expand the ver- 
satility of DeMON. Jump investigation 
enables a JSR or JMP command or 
any manually entered address to be in- 
vestigated. 

When f5 is pressed, DeMON 
checks to see if there are any jumps 
on the screen that are in range of the 
file. If so, DEMON highlights the first of 
these valid jumps on the screen. The 
cursor up/down key can be used to 
move the highlight line onto another 
jump. To jump to the highlighted 
jump, press the space bar. 

If there are no jumps, or none in 
range on the screen, then DeMON re- 
places the top line of the screen with 
an address entry line where an ad- 
dress can be entered manually. If the 
address entered is not in range, then 
DeMON will continue disassemble on 
the following page. 

If there are any valid jumps on the 
screen, subsequent presses of f5 will 
toggle between manual entry and 


jump selection. If you press Run/Stop 
to exit jump investigation mode, De- 
MON will continue with the next page 
of disassemble. 

When investigating a jump, other 
jumps can be accessed by the same 
method. To return to where the jump 
originated, press the Return key. With 
nested jumps, each press of the Re- 
turn key will return you to the previous 
jump command until the first jump is 
reached. 

To clear the return addresses for 
jumps that have taken place, press f6. 
The screen will flash yellow, indicating 
that the table has been cleared. This 
command will also clear the Backward- 
Jump table. (See below.) 

Pressing Shift/Return returns you to 
either the start of disassemble, the 
last place where f6 was pressed, or 
where the disassemble mode was 
changed from continuous to interrupt- 
ed mode. i 


Back Screen. When in the interrupted 
mode, disassemble can either proceed 
or move backward. Press f1 to move 
backward at the end of the page, and 
DeMON will display the previous 
page. The listing will stop at the begin- 
ning of disassemble, at the point 
where the disassemble mode was 
changed from continuous to interrupt- 
ed, at the beginning of a jump investi- 
gation section, or at the point where f6 
was pressed. 

Back Screen allows easy access to 
previous screens, enabling the user to 
go back and check the disassembly af- 
ter looking forward in the file. 


Special Key Summary 
Here is a summary of DeMon's various 
key commands. 


f1. In disassemble, used to jump back 
in the listing. In interrogate or text list, 
f1 toggles between these two displays. 


f3. In interrogate, used to toggle be- 
tween ASCII and screen code represen- 
tation of data. 


f4. In disassemble, text list, or interro- 
gate, used to toggle between interro- 
gate and disassemble display. 


f5. In interrupted mode disassemble, 
DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE  G-27 


PROGRAMS 


used to enter a jump investigation ad- 
dress (manually or automatically) and 
look at the code referred to by a JMP, 
JSR, or any other code in the file. 


f6. In interrupted mode disassemble, 
used to clear the current Back Screen 
table and the Jump Investigation table, 
making the current screen the first 
screen. This is as if disassemble start- 
ed at this address. Using f1 displays 
back screens only up to this screen. 


8. In disassemble this is used to tog- 
gle the current disassemble mode be- 
tween interrupted and continuous. 


Space. Used to pause listings to the 
screen. In the jump investigation, auto- 
matic-jump selection, it is used to 
jump to a JSR or JMP. In interrupted dis- 
assemble mode, it will display the next 
screen of the listing. 


Return. Used to return from a jump in- 
vestigation to the previous address. 


Shift/Return. Returns to the first ad- 
dress in the Jump Investigation table 
when disassemble is in the interrupted 
mode. 


Run/Stop. Exits most commands and 
functions. 


Restore. When in DeMON, this will re- 
turn you to command entry mode. It is 
particularly handy when you're hunting 
or loading if you need to exit partway 
through. Exiting from a load, however, 
will leave the File table and variables 
corrupted. Use the load command to 
load another file. 


Mastering DeMON 

As you continue to use DeMON, you 
will get better at using the commands 
and viewing and changing files, and 
you will be able to get the most out of 
it and realize its true potential. Howev- 
er, this may take a while, but practice 
makes perfect! Many happy hours of 
hunting through files. 


DEMON 


8600:F2 FC 69 86 C3 C2 CD 38 DF 
8008:30 A9 66 8D 26 DG 8D 21 AS 
8610:D@ A2 18 86 D6 29 D7 AA 1F 
8618:CA 16 FA A9 D5 8D 18 G3 94 


G-28 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


8020:A9 
84628:38 
8030:05 
8038:86 
8846:99 
8048:43 
8050:FF 
8058:F5 
8060:3C 
8068:FG 
8670:24 
8G78:A9 
8080:80 
8088:C8 
8090:F8 
8098:9F 
8GAG:AE 
8GA8:B9 
86B0:B9 
80B8:60 
80CO:7A 
86C8:84 
86D0:FB 
80D8:20 
80E0:C6 
8GE8:20 
80FG:A9 
8GF8:20 
81060:62 
8108:AG 
8110:C9 
8118:16 
8120:A6 
8128:AA 
8130:D6 
8138:62 
8146:20 
8148:80 
8150:FE 
8158:96 
8166:62 
8168:4C 
8170:44 
8178:BF 
8180:A5 
8188:65 
8190:A5 
8198:D2 
81AG: 26 
81A8:80 
81B0:3A 
81B8:18 
81C6:48 
81C8:4C 
81D0:48 
81D8:9E 
81E0:98 
81£8:82 
81F0:18 
81F8:48 
8206:28 
8268:D7 
8210:FA 
8218:26 
8226:20 
8228: 26 
8236:82 
8238:62 
8240:A9 
8248:FC 


80 
E8 
EE 
G2 
26 
82 
co 
co 
FC 
G3 
3c 
ol 
AG 
c8 
86 
96 
8a 
86 
BB 
AS 
66 
FB 
E6 
E7 
86 
D7 
FE 
45 
68 
6G 
@1 
EE 
65 
26 
FA 
De 
57 
FO 
82 
De 
3F 
45 
8D 
FO 
BO 
oF 
BG 
FF 
9A 
26 
a4 
65 
Ag 
92 
26 
Ag 
4c 
48 
65 
A6 
Sil 
AA 
85 
46 
46 
AG 
85 
82 
2c 
AQ 


8D 
86 
D4 
26 
1E 
AG 
@D 
26 
ag 
c8 
16 
85 
Oo 
BE 
48 
De 
D9 
68 
96 
7A 
26 
AG 
TA 
FE 
3B 
AA 
8D 
AB 
85 
26 
FO 
AS 
A4 
37 
28 
G2 
81 
2A 
96 
cg 
26 
26 
4c 
oS 
18 
48 
26 
26 
82 
4F 
26 
9E 
4c 
81 
3A 
AS 
92 
26 
9E 
FD 
81 
A4 
F8 
82 
82 
82 
BO 
AQ 
FC 
93 


DAUANUANNASD 


82A8: 26 


c2 
20 
26 
BE 
cl 
cg 
D8 
38 
c2 
48 
AE 
82 


48 
81 
82 
BF 
FD 
FO 
85 
cl 
c4 
20 
26 
D2 


82C0:4C 
82C8:FD 


QAvUueaeeranyra 


8330220 
8338:48 


82 
4c 
B7 
82 
GA 
FE 
BO 
G2 
cg 
cg 
4c 
85 
99 
19 
96 
AB 


26 
82 
14 
FD 
85 
26 
38 
67 
96 
BO 
86 
85 
26 
51 
AA 
8D 


8358:61 
8360:A9 
8368:63 


co 
85 
20 


99 
26 
FE 


8390:FF 
8398:FF 
83AG: 20 
83A8:17 
83B0:85 
83B8:B7 
83CG:A5 
83C8:A5 
83D0:A8 
83D8:06 
83E0:26 


CF 
c4 
EE 
cc 
68 
26 
85 
85 
20 
34 
84 


85 
cc 
96 
4c 
AA 
85 
AS 
AS 
Fl 
A2 
6C 


8480:86 Cl 84 C2 AG BG Bl Cl 24 
8488:E6 Cl 85 3C 98 85 C3 20 6C 
8496:68 85 AS C3 A4 C4 8D 41 B4 
8498:99 8C 42 99 A2 BE 28 C9 CA 
84A6:84 AG 6G Bl Cl 26 A8 FF GF 
84A8:C8 CO 26 D@ F6 26 CC FF 29 
84B6:A5 Cl 18 69 26 85 Cl 98 Cl 
84B8:02 E6 C2 A5 C3 18 69 26 AG 
84C0:98 62 E6 C4 C6 3C 186 C5 CB 
84C8:60 AG GS FC AG G6 BD 30 63 
84D6:99 20 D2 FF E8 88 18 F6 89 
84D8:68 85 AD 65 G2 85 18 AD 5D 
84EG:06 62 85 19 26 68 Cl 20 54 
84E8:B7 E9 AI OB 85 BS 85 B7 43 
84F0:85 B8 85 B9 AX B4 85 Bb 56 
84F8:A5 18 8D GB G4 A4 19 8C FD 
8506:01 64 A2 FC 85 86 84 87 G5 
8568:A9 88 85 86 AS BO 3G FC 43 
8516:C9 G1 DG 43 AD G2 AD GG FE 
8518:03 48 68 26 6A 66 AD G1 81 
8526:03 20 6A G6 A8 E6 BY 28 DE 
8528:FG 69 8A 26 73 G6 68 A2 68 
8530:FE D@ Dl 68 A6 BOI CA DB 32 
8538:02 88 88 88 88 98 20 73 SA 


86AG:66 E8 A5 C3 38 E9 FC AG BD 
86A8:FE 8C A6 86 85 C3 BH G2 34 


86BG:C6 
86B8:C9 
86CG: G2 
86C8: 01 
86DG:F7 
86D8:Cl 
86EG:18 
86E8:AB 
86FG:AG 
86F8: G2 
870G:F3 
8708:EE 
8710:26 
8718:EE 
8720:EE 
8728:20 
8736:20 
8738:98 
8740: 62 
8748:86 
8750:ED 
8758:Bl 
8760:85 
8768:60 
8770:38 
8778:A5 
8780:20 
8788:20 
8790:50 
8798:C7 
87A0:99 
87A8:C5 
87BG0:B2 
87B8: G2 
87CG6:48 
87C8:85 
87DG:9F 
87D8:87 
87E0: 46 
87E8:86 
87FG:6D 
87F8:B4 
B8GG:A4 
8808:9B 
88106:AB 
8818:AB 
8820: 8F 
8828:87 
8830:88 
8838: 3B 
8840:AC 
8848:4C 
8850: 3B 
8858:85 
8866:3F 
8868:D0 
8870:A4 
8878:B9 
8880: 88 
8888:B3 
8890:FF 
8898:AA 
88AG:77 
88A8:85 
88BG:3D 
88B8:9F 
88C0: 08 
88C8:B4 
88D8:C5 
88D8:A5 


88E0:80 
88E8:B2 
88F0:3C 
88F8:60 
8906:45 
8968:A9 
8916:57 
8918:FO 
8926:86 
8928:D8 
8936:46 
8938:20 
8940:07 
8948:4C 
8950:85 
8958:26 
8960:9A 
8968:82 
8970:12 
C978:FF 
8980:20 
8988:64 
8990:AG 
8998:88 
89AG:20 
89A8:3C 
89BG:FG 
89B8:08 
89CG: 26 
89C8:8A 
89D6:5D 
89D8:BO 
89E0:0E 
89E8:61 
89F6:8A 
89F8:3F 
8A00:9F 
8A08:2F 
8A10:36 
8A18:12 
8A26:85 
8A28:8C 
8A30:86 
BA38:AA 
8A46:62 
8A48:85 
8A50:48 
8A58:D3 
8A60:GF 
8A68:0C 
8A76:96 
8A78:D2 
8A80: 26 
8A88:1E 
8A96:86 
8A98:CO 
8AAG:19 
8AA8:7A 
8AB0:99 
8AB8:BO 
8ACO:68 
8AC8:D0 
8AD6:GE 
8AD8:85 
8AEG:D8 
B8AE8: 20 
BAFG:D8 
8AF8:4C 
8BGG:A5 
8BG8:C3 


DO 
83 
c5 
18 
AQ 
AQ 
2B 
2c 
C3 
FD 
86 
FO 
8G 
AQ 
5c 
A6 
12 
Da 
26 
63 
88 
E3 
3c 
Ag 
2D 
4E 
27 
G3 
4c 
ED 
26 
77 
36 
16 
A2 
9F 
AA 
85 
99 
12 
G2 
4c 
A4 
A6 
20 
AC 
8A 
66 
17) 
FG 
BO 
57 
AG 
82 
82 
gh) 
DG 
86 
c8 
3B 
20 
51 
86 
c2 
3c 
co 
FF 
26 
3c 
9E 


12 
51 
20 
89 
AA 
36 
2c 
FG 
Ag 
D7 
3F 
26 
68 
26 
30 
9B 
16 
65 
D2 
10 
DG 
FF 
FO 
26 
88 
FO 
86 
F8 
42 
3B 
8D 
AA 
A5 
08 
65 
26 
4c 
A6 
c8 
26 
AA 
c8 
85 
26 
80 
2E 
2B 
22 
4c 
63 
82 
13 
FO 
96 
18 
cg 
2c 
AS 
16 
85 
15 
85 
85 
86 
AS 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE 


PROGRAMS 


8B10:65 9F 85 FC A6 3C 8E 37 BC | 8D46:26 C3 8D A6 3F A4 40 26 AS | 8F7G:18 65 FC 85 FC A5 FD 69 DO 
8B18:03 A4 FA 8C 38 @3 26 4A 5A | 8D48:E4 86 85 A8 AOD 9C 84 AY DC | 8F78:G8 85 FD 4C 96 BF 49 FF D2 
8B20:86 8C 34 @3 8E 35 63 38 DB | 8D56:4C 79 8D A5 F7 18 69 62 FO | 8F8G:A8 AS FC 84 FC 18 E5 FC 56 
8B28:E9 02 8D 36 G3 A6 FF A4 21] 8D58:85 F7 98 G2 E6 A7 AY G2 91 | 8F88:85 FC AS FD EY BG 85 FD 96 
8B3G:FC 8E 39 G3 8C 3A G3 20 34 | 8D6G:85 9B A4 F7 Bl AG AA C8 7F | 8F9G:A6 FD AS FC 20 9A 82 4C C3 
8B38:4A 86 AO G3 8D 34 99 A2 8E |} 8D68:Bl A6 85 AB 86 AA AY G2 AS | 8F98:1D BF AS B3 DB G3 4C 78 BD 
8B40:D8 AG 8B 26 7E 84 20 68 GE} 8D70:38 ES FE 85 A8 AY 9C 85 O64 | 8FAG:87 206 EA 88 FO 36 96 28 1B 
8B48:85 AG 64 A2 GB 26 CE 84 97] 8D78:A9 26 BO 85 26 DF 8F AG 40 | 8FA8:20 EA 88 FG 2F BO 21 AE DF 
8B50:A4 F9 A2 G6 BD 34 63 20 71] 8D80:00 Bl A8 26 59 8E 96 G3 48 | 8FBG:77 G62 EB 8C DG 1D A2 BB 31 
8B58:D2 FF E8 88 D@ F6 20 CC ED | 8D88:4C 53 8D 20 F5 8D 26 DA 53 | 8FB8:86 3B 86 B3 CA 86 B4 A2 72 
8B6G:FF C8 D@ FD 2C GG DD 74 31 | 8D90:8C BG BD 26 9A 8F 8A F@ DA | 8FCG:9D 86 B5 AS 3F 8D BG OF 31 
8B68:FB 20 D7 AA AQ G5 AG G2 CF | 8D98:E6 38 E4 26 C3 8D FO DF E7 | 8FC8:A5 46 8D Gl 9F A2 Gl 68 76 
8B70:A2 66 8D 3B 99 8C 3C 99 4F | 8DAG:2G FE 88 OD G1 GF 26 12 G3 | BFDG:A2 BB 69 EG 8A DG D1 A2 39 
8B78:8E 3A 99 20 73 84 26 C6 4F | 8DA8:20 54 48 45 26 45 4E 44 3D | 8FD8:00 4C 77 96 4C D5 8@ A5 C3 
8B80:8B A4 C3 FG 3E 84 FB CO CA | 8DBG:20 8D AS B3 DG BA 26 FD 1C |} 8FEG:9B 48 AX G2 85 9B 26 97 AT 
8B88:FF DO 61 C8 98 38 EO 62 FB | 8DB8:88 29 99 87 CG 20 DO DB CF | 8FE8:85 28 63 85 68 85 9B AG C8 
8B90:85 Cl FO 16 26 73 84 26 52] 8DCO:4C DS 86 20 49 82 A5 3F 68 | 8FFG:62 20 CF FF 99 G6 9C C8 El 
8B98:C6 8B A6 C4 A5 C3 20 9A 2£ | 8DC8:85 3D 26 FE 80 13 12 65 63 | 8FF8:DG F7 AD G1 9C 85 B6 4C FB 
8BAG:82 20 4C 82 C6 Cl C6 Cl 3F | 8DDG:41 44 44 52 26 26 43 4F A2 | 9660:CC FF 18 AD CA @2 BA 6D 45 
8BA8:D@ EA E6 FB DO 12 20 FE 8D| 8DD8:44 45 Bl G9 26 56 41 4C 41 | 9068:CA G2 AA BD 65 98 60 A4 33 
8BBG:80 GD OD 42 55 46 46 45 A6| 8DEG:55 45 Gl G5 26 41 53 43 58 | 9610:F7 26 14 98 C8 DB G2 E6 35 
8BB8:52 20 46 55 4C 4C 21 8D 82] 8DE8:49 49 26 206 53 43 52 CE 1C | 9618:A7 66 68 A6 A7 EO 9A FO 77 
8BCG:4C DS 80 4C F8 80 26 66 B2]| 8DFG:A9 BO 85 C7 66 A2 GG BD 59 | 9620:08 A6 F7 EO FE DO B2 C6 G2 
8BC8:85 26 CF FF 85 C3 20 CF EF| 8DF8:CB 62 20 AG 82 20 4C 82 38 | 9628:A7 28 60 20 AD 85 26 63 5C 
8BDG:FF 85 C4 AG O2 4C 5C 84 6A | 8EGG:E8 EC C9 62 DB F1 BC D4 C2 | 9639:85 AG OO 20 CF FF D9 G3 73 
8BD8:08 20 B7 E9 AG GO 84 B5 55| 8EG8:96 26 4C 82 88 D@ FA A2 4A | 99638:08 DB 68 C8 CB 62 DG F3 BE 
62 85 BB AD @8 G2 85 DG| 8E10:00 BD CB 62 26 65 8A F8 CA | 9640:4C CC FF 26 E7 FF 26 42 7E 
AD @9 G2 85 B8 AD G6 F8| 8E18:EC C9 G2 DG F4 38 AYO G6 4D | 9948:F6 20 FE 80 GD 20 3F 29 SC 
85 69 AD G5 62 85 GB AX} 8E2H:ED C9 G2 AA 26 4C 82 CA 93 | 9050:57 52 4F 4E 47 20 44 49 GD 
64 86 BA E8 86 B6 AD 5B| 8E28:D9 FA A2 @@ A4 D3 BD CB 7C | 9058:53 4B 2E 2E 2E 8D 20 E4 6B 
@2 4C Fl 03 AO 6G 85 GA| 8E3G:62 91 Dl AD Gl 91 F3 CB 86 | 9660:FF C9 OD FO C6 C9 G3 DH DB 
AG GG A2 G5 AOD 8G 85 AS| 8E38:E8 EC C9 G2 DO FO 4C D7 19 | 9868:F5 4C D5 88 26 CD 82 EG 78 
A5 G1 30 FC C9 G2 99 D9| 8E4G:AA AB 8D CB G2 BY E5 96 A4 | 9076:24 BO 1F 86 AA 2G 51 82 17 
85 BB 36| 8E48:48 18 2A 2A 2A 29 G3 8D @1 | 9878:C9 2C FG 2B 26 CD 82 86 1E 
AS @3 AD @@ @4 85 G8 27| 8E50:C9 G2 68 29 3F 8D CA G2 3A | 9086:AB A2 04 A5 AA DD GF 99 7F 
G1 04 85 69 A2 G2 BD C5| 8E58:68 26 41 8E AC C9 G2 88 D7 90988:CA BO FA BD 14 99 C5 AB B4 
G4 9D FE @3 E8 DG F7 43| 8E60:A2 66 AS AI C9 IC DG 2C AC | 9090:BG 87 20 FE 80 GD 3F 26 B6 
B9 D9 GD G2 FO 1F AG 57| 8E68:A5 A8 C9 FE 96 2A C9 FF 6C | 9698:49 4E 56 41 4C 49 44 26 61 
E6 B7 DG G2 E6 BS E6 1B| 8E7G:D0 86 CO GB FG 22 DB GB 49 | 9GAG:54 2F 53 8D 4C DS 8B 4c G2 
D@ G2 E6 BA 26 9G G3 9B| 8E78:CO G2 39 1C CB Gl DG G6 EF | 9GA8:F8 86 20 57 81 26 2B 98 53 
8C50:A5 BA C9 G4 DG E2 AS BO 7B| 8E8G:A2 Gl AD BG FG G5 A2 G2 47 | 90BG:2G D7 AA A2 BO 86 71 86 DA 
8C58:C9 FE D@ DC FO A7 C8 CC 82| 8E88:AD FE 9C 8D 8G 9C AD FF 76 | 90B8:49 86 F9 AD AG 85 4A 26 C9 
8C6G:0C G2 FG 4E 20 86 G3 98 BC| 8E9G:9C 8D Bl 9C 86 FE 38 66 4A | 90CG:DC 91 20 DB 82 BD 39 83 G6 
8C68:18 65 B9 C9 FE DG C9 AS 2F| 8E98:A9 BG 8D BG 9C 8D G1 9C F5 | 9GC8:A5 FD 8D 3A G3 A2 BO 20 54 
8C7@:BA C9 @4 DG C3 A2 EG BD GF| 8EAG:A6 40 A5 3F 26 9A 82 2G 5A | 9GDG:C2 8G C9 3A FH B4 C9 22 9D 
8C78:00 G4 9D G2 G3 E8 EG FE £2| 8EA8:4C 82 20 50 BF 26 62 99 27 96D8:D@ G6 4C G1 93 20 C2 86 AG 
8C80:D8 F5 C6 BA E6 BO E6 BO AQ| 8EBG:AG G3 BD 65 98 26 D2 FF D7 | 9GEG:C9 GB DB G3 4C CB 92 9D 85 
8C88:4C 06 G3 98 A6 B8 18 65 EG| SEB8:E8 88 DG F6 26 4C 82 AD DA | 90E8:34 G3 E8 EG G3 DO EE A2 EB 
8C90:B7 99 G4 E8 FC AS B7 CD 74| 8ECG:CB 62 20 2A 8F 85 Cl C9 CA | 9GFG:6G 26 C2 86 FO 12 9D 3B CB 
8C98:GA G2 DG 2D 98 FG G2 BA 3B| 8EC8:G2 96 52 AA BD 1F 99 85 23 | 9GF8:G3 26 FE 82 BO G2 AY 36 BC 
8CAG:FC A5 B8 CD OB G2 DG 21 BS | 8EDG:C3 AG BH 2G 3D BF CB G3 AG 9166:9D 44 63 E8 EO O8 DG ED A4 
8CA8:68 68 A4 BB 8C GO @5 4c 1B| 8ED8:D@ F9 85 C2 A5 Cl C9 GB 89 9108:A9 G6 9D 3B 63 AA 86 3C 73 
8CB@:AE E9 A4 BB AS B7 91 B5 DG| SEEG:FG 7B A2 Gl 26 4C BF 9D AB | 911G:AG BB BD 65 98 D9 34 83 29 
8CB8:C8 A5 B8 91 B5 C8 84 BB 65| 8EE8:CB 62 E8 EC C9 62 DO F4 45 9118:D@ 98 E8 C8 CO 63 DG F2 FS 
8CCO:DG G4 C6 BB DG E4 4C 3A C4| 8EFG:CA BD CB G2 26 AG 82 CA CF 9126:FO GE E8 C8 CO G3 DO FA 97 
8CC8:03 60 48 BY 2C G3 99 GG CG| 8EF8:DG F7 A5 C3 GA AG G3 A5 EB 9128:E6 3C E@ AB D@ E2 FG 13 AB 
8CDG:03 C8 CO C5 DG FS 68 4C 8D] 8FGG:C4 9G 13 CB 4A 26 3D 8F 71 9130:A6 3C 86 Cl A2 6G BD E5 19 
8CD8:G2 @3 A6 3F A4 40 20 2D 10 | 8FO8:CB G7 DG FOX AG G3 AS C2 22 | 9138396 AB 29 3F C5 Cl FO G9 GA 
8CE@:86 BO O64 FG G2 38 66 18 C2| 8F10:20 3D BF 4C 1D 8F 26 3D EQ | 9140:E8 DO F3 20 45 AB 4C Cl BE 
8CE8:69 20 57 81 A2 OG 86 3B 9a | 8F18:8F CO G7 DB FO AG Cl BC C7 | 9148:92 98 29 CO 18 2A 2A 2A F3 
8CFG:E8 20 D7 AA 20 51 82 FG 68 | 8F20:D8 96 20 4c 82 88 DG FA EC | 9150:8D C9 02 BE CB B62 86 C2 OC 
8CF8:04 C9 2C DB G9 2G 6A 86 3D | 8F28:18 68 18 4A 68 AA BD ES SF | 9158:8A 26 2A BF C9 62 9G 75 F3 
8DG0:A8 AS C3 4C BB 8D 26 D8 BD | 8F30:97 28 90 G4 29 GF 10 G4 21 | 9160:C9 GB DB G3 BE C9 82 AA 62 
8DG8:82 Ad FD 85 3F 84 40 8p BF | 8F38:4A 4A 4A 4A 60 4A 85 C4 F8 | 9168:BD 1F 99 86 3C 85 FB AQ SE 
8D10:00 9F 8C Gl OF 85 3D 20 62 | 8F40:90 G6 BO 18 99 26 D2 FF D4 | 9176:06 A2 GB 26 9B 91 CB G3 ES 
8D18:C2 80 FG 13 C9 2C FG F7 DC| 8F48:G8 A5 C4 60 AG BG Bl AB E4 | 9178:DG FO 86 FA AC C9 G2 88 1C 
8D20:C9 49 FG 67 C9 43 DG G7 G5 | 8F5G:E6 3F DO 62 E6 46 E6 AB 9B | 918G:FO 2B BD 44 G3 C9 34 DB 53 
8D28:A9 Gl FC A9 OG 85 B3 A2 B2 | 8F58:DG G2 E6 AY 60 20 4C BF 83 | 9188:GD BD 45 G3 C9 3G DG G6 31 
8D30:9D 86 B5 AQ BG 85 B4 85 12 | 8F60:8D CC G2 A5 3F 85 FC AS C3 | 919G:E8 E8 DO EB 68 68 A6 C2 30 
8D38:FE 20 2B 99 AS B3 DG G3 £9 | 8F68:48 85 FD AD CC G2 3G GE 8 | 9198:4C 46 91 4A 85 C4 96 G9 32 


WSFROTNFFOINNIO 
Q 
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i=J 
a 
" 
ran 
> 
© 
a 
a 


G-30 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


91A8:B9 
91A8:E8 
91BO:A5 


93D6:92 
93D8:85 
93E0:84 
93E8:4A 
93FG:AB 
93F8:48 
9460:68 
9408:B7 
9418:26 
9418:C8 
942G6:C8 
9428:A9 
943G:CA 
9438:DG 
9446:8A 
9448:2¢6 
9456:20 
9458:B7 
946G:94 
9468:85 
9476:4C 
9478:C2 
9480:85 
9488:3C 
949G:A3 
9498:8D 
94AG:49 
94A8:66 
94BG:FG 
94B8:69 
94CO:FG 
94CB8:E9 
94D98:78 
94D8:3C 
94EG:E4 
94E8:C9 
94F0:C9 
94F8:20 
9500:08 
9568:12 
9516:53 
9518:FF 
9520:04 
9528:Bd 
9530:7A 
9538:14 
954G:AG 
9548:16 
9556:Dd 
9558:82 
9566:BG 
9568:95 
9576:4C 
9578:28 
958G:AA 
9588346 
9596:3F 
9598:CA 
95AG:C8 
95A8:66 
95BG:9F 
95B8:E4 
95C@:DF 
95C8:3C 
95D6:8D 
95D8:FF 
95E6:C8 
95E8:EE 
95F6:99 
95F8:93 


26 
G1 
FA 
86 
Dg 
8A 
A8 
85 
97 
ag 
AQ 
37 
FO 
E7 
48 
63 
CF 
85 
cé 
3c 
DS 
95 
16 
B9 
94 
A4 
86 
A4 
2a 
G4 
1A 
G4 
95 
20 
FE 
26 
11 
87 
G4 
13 
BA 
FG 
24 
@D 
26 
De 
95 
95 
21 
48 
G4 
68 
Ag 
8F 
B9 
26 
A6 
A4 
8A 
A4 
AS 
86 
8F 
AQ 
D8 
FF 
ce 
84 
58 
26 


AG 
AA 
37 
3c 
AA 
73 
86 
94 
6B 
G1 
G1 
68 
9B 
Dg 
85 
CF 
AB 
68 
68 
93 
oo 
DG 
26 
8D 
63 
27 
FF 
54 
94 
De 
94 
4c 
8D 
26 
cg 
cg 
cg 
27 
FA 
44 
84 
FB 
AD 
FG 
98 
36 
26 
9D 
De 
AA 
68 
AS 
63 
3c 
A8 
4c 
E5 
3D 
9E 
3F 
1 
26 
84 
D9 
oo 
2c 
@4 
3c 
bg 
26 


ag 
Bl 
1 
13 
16 
68 
68 
85 
A4 
ae 
3F 
D2 
a7 
98 
97 
85 
92 
4c 
AQ 
73 
16 
AQ 
89 
94 
oF 
FF 
16 
co 
3c 
AS 
3c 
94 
oo 
89 
Fg 
Fg 
Dg 
AG 
FE 
45 
26 
87 
FE 
c8 
DD 
84 
AB 
co 
26 
2D 
29 
85 
oF 
52 
3F 
95 
Bg 
Go 
84 
99 
Ag 
85 
88 
ag 
13 
De 
G4 
D8 
99 
86 


9698:07 
9608:290 
9618:93 
9618:C8 
9620:04 
9628:18 
9630:EE 
9638:16 
9640:50 
9648:A4 
9658:B9 
9658:BD 
9660:49G 
9668:EF 
9676:7A 
9678:00 
9680:FG 
9688:68 
9690:8A 
9698:A6 
96AG:46 
96A8:4C 
96BG:06 
96B8: 00 
96CO:FF 
96C8:GA 
96DG:E7 
96D8:GA 
96E0:05 
96E8:46 
96FG0:40 
96F8:46 
9700:46 
9768246 
97190:46 
9718:40 
9726:4G 
9728:4G 
9736:4G 
9738:4G 
9746:46 
9748:4G 
9756:46 
9758:4G 
9760:40 
9768:408 
9770:46 
9778:498 
9786:49 
9788:4¢G 
9790:4¢0 
9798:46 
97AG:40 
97A8:40 
97BG:48 
97B8:49 
97CG:45 
97C8:4G 
97D6:40 
97D8: 46 
97EG:40 
97E8:26 
97F6:36 
97F8:26 
9800:36 
9808:20 


9816:36 


9818:26 
9826:30 
9828:26 


4c 
3c 
c8 
co 
AD 
95 
AS 
A4 
94 
8D 
96 
BO 
EG 
A4 
7A 
85 
26 
9B 
68 
SF 
46 
49 
58 
81 
83 
85 
68 
66 
41 
49 
AE 
4a 
F6 
46 
AF 
4B 
42 
47 
BG 
45 
43 
48 
Bl 
44 
46 
5B 
B2 
4P 
95 
58 
B3 
4c 
99 
5D 
B4 
4D 
9A 
SE 
B5 
4E 
G6 
87 
96 
87 
6 
87 
G6 
87 
G6 
87 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE 


PROGRAMS 


9836:406 BC BO GA GB 56 50 22 41 
99 96 87 6G 33 2A 
AA C@ 56 88 22 CO 
99 96 87 BB G3 GA 
GA AG 56 BG 22 BD 
9858:26 65 6B 99 96 87 BG G3 1A 
9866:306 GC 6G GA AG 3F 3F 3F OD 
9868:42 52 4B 52 54 49 52 54 9E 
9876:53 53 45 49 43 4C 49 56 8B 
9878:4C 56 56 48 41 56 4C 41 97 
43 4C 43 53 45 85 
56 43 4C 44 53 42 
59 41 54 41 59 CC 
54 41 58 54 58 53 
98AG:53 54 53 58 4C 44 59 4C F2 
98A8:44 58 53 54 59 53 54 58 DA 
98BG:43 50 59 43 50 58 44 45 A8 
98B8:59 44 45 58 49 4B 59 49 55 
98CG:4E 58 4C 44 41 53 54 41 3E 

3 41 4E 44 45 4F CF 
43 43 4D 586 53 7B 
53 4C 52 4F 4C EF 
52 4F 52 42 49 GE 
43 49 4B 43 42 7E 
4D 49 42 56 43 BD 
98F8:42 56 53 42 43 43 42 43 SE 
9966:53 42 4E 45 42 45 51 4A 9F 
9968:53 52 4A 4D 56 4E 4F 5@ 42 
99146:24 12 11 12 13 15 6D 


991 29 2C 58 59 66 73 
992 54 65 BE 5E 64 64 
992 54 32 30 34 63 3F 
993 06 G6 GB GB 4D 7B 


993 G4 86 6G 4D 2D A2 
9946:57 6G G6 26 11 26 26 12 3D 
9948:28 26 44 45 4D 4F 4E 26 D4 
9956:56 31 2E 36 26 26 GD 26 7F 
9958:28 26 42 59 26 56 2E 42 7A 
9966:41 52 44 45 4C 4C OD 96 53 


Vaughan Bardell said he had other fea- 
tures planned for DeMON, but space 
limitations prevented their inclusion. He 
lives in Hastings, New Zealand. 


GEOS TEXT SCRAP 
MAKER 


By Charles Kunz 
Have you ever wanted to convert a 
SpeedScript document to geoWrite for- 
mat? | can’t tell you how many times I've 
wanted to do this. Gazette published 
geoWrite Converter (April 1990), but it on- 
ly converts geoWrite documents to 
SpeedScript or ASCII. | needed some- 
thing that would convert the other way 
around. Enter GEOS Text Scrap Maker. 
| am the proud owner of geoWrite 1.1 
and GEOS 1.2. (That's no typo folks; I've 
owned it since December 1986.) Proba- 
bly many of you also have this early ver- 
sion of GEOS and are aware that it pro- 
vides no utility for such conversions. 


G-32 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


GEOS Text Scrap Maker runs like (and 
has many of its routines modified from) 
the Print Shop To GEOS converter (April 
1987 Gazette). 


Entering the Program 

GEOS Text Scrap Maker is written en- 
tirely in BASIC. To help avoid typing er- 
rors, enter it with The Automatic Proof- 
reader; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in 
this section. Before exiting Proofreader, 
be sure to save a copy of the program 
to disk. | like to keep Scrap Maker on 
my GEOS work disk with geoWrite and 
my geoWrite documents. 

Scrap Maker writes to disk, so 
make sure it has been entered proper- 
ly before you use it with important 
files. A syntax error could be fatal to 
your precious files. Caution: Scrap Mak- 
er creates a temporary file called S on 
your GEOS work disk. So if you already 
have a file on the disk with that name, 
be sure to rename it. 


Converting 

Before using Scrap Maker, make sure 
there’s a Text Scrap file on your work 
disk; otherwise the conversion will not 
be complete. Create a Text Scrap if 
you don't have one. To do this, double- 
click the geoWrite icon and then cut or 
copy any text from a geoWrite file. 
Once you have a Text Scrap on disk, 
you can use Scrap Maker. 

Load and run Scrap Maker as you 
would any BASIC program. If you are 
within the GEOS environment, just dou- 
ble-click on the Scrap Maker icon. 

Scrap Maker first asks you to insert 
the disk that contains the file that you 
want to convert and then asks for the 
conversion type you want to execute. 
You have three conversion options: 
SpeedScript to GEOS, Commodore AS- 
Cll to GEOS, and true ASCII to GEOS. 
Next, Scrap Maker requests the name 
of the file to be converted. If the file is 
too large—the maximum size is about 
6K—you'll get an overflow error, and 
Scrap Maker will restart. 

After the file loads, Scrap Maker 
translates the file in memory, reporting 
on the status as it converts and on how 
large the text will be. Scrap Maker 
then asks for a GEOS work disk (the 
one with the Text Scrap already on it), 
and it writes the new Text Scrap on it. 
Finally, Scrap Maker requests the 


GEOS master or boot disk. After 
GEOS boots up, you can paste the 
new Text Scrap into a Text Album or 
geoWrite file. The text you just pasted 
will be in the BSW font, so if you want 
a different font, make the change with- 
in geoWrite. 


Helpful Hints 
Since Scrap Maker can convert only 
6K at a time, large documents will 
have to be broken down and saved as 
smaller ones. Convert each of these 
small documents one at a time, and af- 
ter each conversion, paste the docu- 
ment into a geoWrite file. After all the 
conversions have been cone, the end 
product will be in one geoWrite file. 
Scrap Maker is written entirely in BA- 
SIC, so it is quite easy to modify. | 
have assumed that Commodore ASCII 
files and true ASCII files will be SEQ 
files, which covers most cases. You 
can change this to suit your needs if 
you have true ASCII files saved as 
PRG files. You can also add conver- 
sion options if you like, such as convert- 
ing PaperClip Ill files. 


Compatibility 

| have tested this program with GEOS 
1.2 and geoWrite 1.1. This is the only 
version of geoWrite available to me. Ex- 
periment with whatever version you 
have, but be sure to back up your 
disk just in case something goes awry. 


SCRAP MAKER 


EE 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 COMPUT 
E PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD -~ 
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
POKE52,32:POKE56,32:CLR: 
PRINT" {CLR}{7}{N} {H}";2P 
OKE53281,6: POKE53280,14: 
AD=8192 

HDS="{CLR}{RVS} GEOS TEX 
T SCRAP MAKER (FILE CONV 
ERTER) ":MC=6900 
PRINTHDS 

GOTO200 

REM -~-~ SEARCH DIR FOR 
{SPACE}TRACK AND SECTOR 
FF=@:PRINT#15,"U1:2 6"+S 
TRS (T)+STR$(S) 

GET #2,A$:TN=ASC (AS+CHRS ( 
G)) :GET#2,A$:SN=ASC (AS+C 
HRS(@)) 

FORN=@T07: PRINT#15,"B-P: 
2,"+STRS (32*N+2) 
GET#2,A$: IFA$<>CHRS$ (131) 
THEN16G 
RP 196 GET#2,A$:TP=ASC (AS+CHRS$ 


PG 16 


KJ 26 


QJ 38 
DR 46 
BH 56 
SD 68 


ss 76 


DC 86 


RQ 98 


MX 


DS 


CG 


DP 


PH 


EP 


116 
126 
136 
146 
158 
169 
176 
186 
190 


206 


219 
226 
230 
246 
256 
268 
276 
286 
290 
306 
319 


326 


330 


346 
356 


366 


376 


386 


398 
408 


416 
420 
430 
446 
456 


(@)) :GET#2,A$:SP=ASC (AS 
+CHRS$ (@)) :HS="" 
GET#2,AS$: IFA$<>CHRS (160 
) THENH$=HS$+AS$:GOTO118 
IFH$<>DISTHEN169 
FF=1:KP=N:N=7 
PRINT#15,"B-P:2,"+STRS ( 
32*KP+30) 
GET#2,A$:SL=ASC(AS$+CHRS 
(@)) :GET#2,A$:SH=ASC (AS 
+CHR$ (8) ) 

NEXT : IFTN=@THENRETURN 
IFFF=1THENRETURN 

T=TN: S=SN:GOTO6G 

REM ---~ REQUEST FOR CO 
NVERSION TYPE 

PRINT" {DOWN}INSERT DISK 
WITH FILE TO BE CONVER 
TED." 

PRINT" {DOWN}SELECT CONV 
ERSION: {DOWN}" 

PRINT" 1) SPEEDSCRIPT T 
0 GEOS" 

PRINT" 2) COMMODORE ASC 
II TO GEOS™ 

PRINT" 3) TRUE ASCII TO 
GEOS{4 UP}" 

GETZ$: 1FZ$<"1"ORZS>"3"T 
HEN256 
IFZ$="1"THENXS=",P,R" 


FORN=1TOVAL (Z$) : PRINT:N 
EXT: PRINT"*"; :FORN=1T04 
-VAL (Z$) : PRINT: NEXT 


REM ~~-~ READ FILE INTO 
MEMORY 
N$="": INPUT" { DOWN} FILEN 


AME";NS: 1FNS=""THEN31G 
OPEN15,8,15:0PEN8,8,0,N 
$+X$: INPUT#15,EN,EB$,ET 
1ES 
IFEN<>@THENCLOSE8:CLOSE 
15: PRINT" {DOWN}";EBS:NS 
="":GOTO218 
PRINTHDS: PRINT" {DOWN}LO 
ADING {CYN}";NS 
POKE185,@:POKE786,0:POK 
E781,0:POKE782,32:SYS65 
493:CLOSE8:CLOSE15:SI=G 
EA=PEEK (781) +PEEK (782) * 
256: IF (EA-AD) >MCTHEN97@ 
PRINT" {DOWN} {7}PLEASE W 
AIT, TRANSLATING": PRINT 
"{CYN}";NS;"€7} 22. 
{DOWN}" 

PRINT" 6%{3 SPACES}COMP 
LETE {UP}":FORN=ADTOEA-1 
:C=PEEK (N) :ONVAL (Z$) GOT 
0398,478,520 
IFC=OTHENC=64 : GOTO520 
IFC>=LANDC<=26THENC=C+9 
6:GOTO52¢ 
IFC=27THENC=91:GOT0520 
IFC=29THENC=93:GOTO520 
IFC=30THENC=94:GOTO520 
IFC=31THENC=13:GOTO520 
IF (C>=32ANDC<=63) OR (C>= 


QA 


FJ 


AH 


BB 


CE 
QG 


CG 


DS 


Jd 


FG 


BE 


SP 


KR 


DE 
BQ 


cD 
FF 


RR 


BE 


JD 


460 


478 


480 
496 
506 


518 


526 
536 


546 


5568 


568 


576 
588 


590 


699 
616 


628 


638 


646 


659 


669 
678 


689 
696 


769 


716 


729 


65ANDC<=90) THEN520 
GOTO530:REM SPEEDSCRIPT 
CONTROL CODES CAN'T TR 
ANSLATE 
IFC=130R (C>=32ANDC<=64) 
OR (C>=91ANDC<=95) THEN5S2 
8 
IFC>=6 5ANDC<=9@THENC=C+ 
32:GOT0520 
IFC>=97ANDC<=122THENC=C 
~32:GOT052 
IFC>=193ANDC<=218THENC= 
C-128:GOTO52B8 
GOTO530:REM WEIRD COMMO 
DORE ASCII CAN'T TRANSL 
ATE 
POKEAD+SI,C:SI=SI+1 
PRINTINT ((N-AD) /(EA-1-A 
D) *16G0) "{LEFT}%{UP}":NE 
XT:SI=SI+4 
PRINT" {DOWN} {CYN} TEXT 
{SPACE}SCRAP WILL BE"IN 
T (SI1/1624+.5) "{LEFT}K" 
REM ~--~ REQUEST FOR GE 
OS WORK DISK WITH TEXT 
{SPACE}SCRAP FILE 
PRINT" {DOWN}{7}INSERT G 
EOS WORK DISK IN DRIVE, 
HIT" : 
PRINT" {RVS} RETURN{OFF} 
{SPACE}WHEN READY." 
GETA$: IFAS<>CHR$ (13) THE 
N580 
PRINT" {DOWN} SAVING 
{CYN}TEXT SCRAP{7} FILE 
++-{DOWN}":PRINT" G% 
{3 SPACES}COMPLETE{UP}" 
REM -~-- WRITE FILE CAL 
LED 'S' 
OPEN15,8,15,"I@":INPUT# 
15,EN,EBS$,ET,ES: IFEN<>@ 
THEN94@ 
OPEN2,8,2,"S,U,W": INPUT 
#15,EN,EBS,ET,ES: IFEN<> 
OTHEN94G 
HS=INT (SI/256) :LS=SI-HS 
*256:SF=HS 
PRINT#2,CHRS (LS) CHR$ (HS 
) CHRS (23) CHRS (9) CHRS$ (8) 
CHR$ (9) ; 
FORN=G@TOSI~5:PRINT#2,CH 
R$ (PEEK (AD+N) ) ;: PRINTIN 
T (N/(SI~5)*10G) "{LEFT}% 
{uPp}" 
NEXT: CLOSE2 
DATA84,161,120,116,32,3 
2,83,99,114,97,112 
P$="": FORN=6T01@:READX: 
PS$=PS+CHR$.(X) :NEXT 
OPEN2,8,2,"#":T=18:S=1: 
DI$=P$:GOSUB6B 
IFFF=@THENPRINT" {DOWN} 
{RVS}NO TEXT SCRAP FILE 
":GOTO87B = 
Tl=T:S1=S:FS=256*SH+SL-~ 
1:T2=TP:S2=SP:K1=KP 
REM ---~ SWAP T/S POINT 
ERS AND DELETE 'S' FILE 


FS 


AR 
HE 
XX 
QK 
KQ 
GG 
MC 


AQ 


sD 


KD 


cc 


DK 


739 
748 
756 
768 
778 
788 
7968 
890 
810 
820 
830 
840 
850 
860 


876 
880 


898 


988 
916 


926 


936 


946 


9568 


966 


976 


986 


999 


T=18:S=1:DI$="S":GOSUB6 
@ 


PRINT#15,"B-P:2,"+STRS ( 
32*KP+3) 

PRINT #2,CHR$ (T2) CHRS (S2 
7 
PRINT#15,"B-P:2,"+STRS ( 
32*KP+3) 

FH=INT (FS/256) :FL=FS-25 
6*FH 
PRINT#2,CHRS (FL) CHR$ (FH 


d; 

PRINT#15,"U2:2 G"+STRS( 
T)+STRS(S) 
PRINT#15,"U1:2 @"+STRS( 
T1)+STRS$(S1) 
PRINT#15,"B-P:2,"+STRS ( 
32*K1+3) 
PRINT#2,CHRS$ (TP) CHR$ (SP 
a7 
PRINT#15,"B-P:2,"+STRS ( 
32*K1+39) 

PRINT #2,CHR$ (SF+1) CHRS ( 
9); 

PRINT#15,"U2:2 G"+STRS ( 
T1)+STR$(S1) 
PRINT#15,"S9:S" 
CLOSE2:CLOSE15 

PRINT"{2 DOWN}{7}DONE.. 
. INSERT GEOS MASTER DI 
SK IN" 

PRINT"DRIVE THEN HIT 
{RVS}RETURN{OFF} TO BOO 
a : 

GETAS$: IFAS<>CHRS$ (13) THE 
N9GG 

PRINT" {CLR} "CHR$ (142) :L 
OAD"GEOS",8,1 

END 

REM ---- IN CASE OF DIS 
K ERROR.... 

PRINT" {CLR}"; SPC (26-LEN 
(EBS) /2) "{DOWN} {YEL}"+E 
BS 


PRINT" {DOWN} {GRN} 

{1l SPACES}RESETTING DR 
IVE...{£7}" 
PRINT#15,"UJ":FORN=1TO1 
560:NEXT:CLOSE15:CLOSE2 
:GOTO596 

PRINT" {DOWN}"SPC(8)" 
{YEL}** OVERFLOW ERROR 
{SPACE}**{7} {DOWN} 
PRINT"THE REQUESTED FIL 
E EXCEEDS THE"MC 
PRINT"CHARACTER MAXIMUM 
«{2 SPACES}PRESS {RVS}R 
ETURN{OFF} TO":PRINT"RE 
TRY." 


1660 GETAS$:IFAS<>CHRS$ (13) TH 


EN196@ 


1618 GOTO38 


Charles Kunz, 23, has a B.S. in comput- 
er science. He enjoys rock-’n’-roll, writ- 
ing to pen pals, and comedy. He lives 
in Holbrook, New York. 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE 


G-33 


PROGRAMS 


TACK TRUCK 


By Scott Gifford 

In the year 2000, the economy is in 
worse shape than it is now. Competition 
in the thumbtack delivery business is es- 
pecially fierce. Drivers go to any length to 
be the first to deliver their tacks. 

In this two-player arcade-style game 
for the 64, drivers duel to be the first out 
of the parking lot of an office supply 
store. In an attempt to gain an advan- 
tage, the drivers open the rear doors of 
their trucks, allowing a steady stream of 
thumbtacks to pour onto the pavement. 
Watch where you steer your truck; even 
the best tires can't survive passing over 
these tacks. 


Typing It In 

Tack Truck is written entirely in ma- 
chine language. To enter it, you'll 
have to use MLX, our machine lan- 
guage entry program; see “Typing 
Aids” elsewhere in this section. When 
MLX prompts, respond with the follow- 
ing values. 


Starting address: C000 
Ending address: C9F7 


Be sure to save a copy of the program 
before you exit MLX. 


Start Your Engines 

Load Tack Truck with the ,8,1 exten- 
sion, and then type SYS 49152. Before 
the game begins, you'll have a 
chance to change various options. You 
can select the number of games that 
must be won before a winner is de- 
clared. You can select the speed of 
the trucks (1 is very fast), and you can 
decide on the number of obstacles. 
These latter items are the remnants of 
previous duels. 

Both players can use their joysticks 
to select truck colors. Both must press 
their fire buttons simultaneously to 
start the game. 

At the beginning of each round, play- 
er 1's truck appears in the upper left 
corner; player 2's truck appears in the 
lower right. Trucks are moving as 
soon as the game starts, so be ready. 
Avoid the border of the parking lot, 
avoid your opponent's truck, and avoid 
the trails of tacks that litter the parking 
lot. The player who survives the long- 


G-34 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


est wins the round and collects points. 
If both drivers crash at the same time, 
no points are awarded. Press both fire 
buttons to restart a game. 


TACK TRUCK 


C@60:AD 
COO8:A5 
CO1G:85 
C618:85 
CO2G:AG 
C628:F9 
C830:4C 
C638:61 
CG@48:DC 
CO48:6E 
CO5G:A9 
CG58:A9 
CG66:91 
CO68:20 
C876:8D 
CG78:A9 
CGO8G:A2 
C@88:55 
CG9G:85 
CG98:C9 
CGAG:A9 
COAB:A9 
COBG:B1l 
COB8:A5 
C6CB:69 
C6C8B: 28 
CODO:FE 
COD8:FF 
COEG:FF 
COE8:FF 
COFG: 67 
COF8:B9 
C16G:1C 
C168:26 
C116:26 
C118:18 
C12G:AG 
C128:C8 
C13G:A2 
C138:63 
C146:D8 
C148:FG 
C156:D2 
C158:7E 
C166:26 
C168:C9 
C176:66 
C178:B7 
C186:85 
C188:D8 
C19G:7E 
C198:68 
C1AG:FG 
C1A8:EE 
C1BG:D8 
C1B8:FF 
C1CG:28 
C1c8:A9 
C1DG:62 
C1D8:Cl 
C1EG:15 
C1E8:C9 


GE 
ol 
FB 
FD 
UT) 
CA 
22 
AD 
AD 
8D 
38 
cs 
FB 
De 
B4 
Be 
G6 
cg 
oF 


GE 
AQ 
Ag 
A2 
c8 
E6 
04 
8D 
18 
85 
85 
Bl 
Ur) 
B3 
D2 
85 
co 
AQ 
8D 
85 
85 
AG 
F9 
AS 
FD 
0@ 
26 
26 
20 
18 
AG 
c8 
A2 
21 
Dg 
FO 
D2 
AG 
ao 
co 
18 
c8 
F5 
AC 
AS 
G2 
cl 
ao 
co 
cs 
cg 
8D 
AB 
co 
cs 
B8 
Dl 
AD 
4c 
cs 
B9 
8D 


C1F@:C5 


D2 


C248:68 
C250:20 
C258:A2 
C266:C5 
C268:A9 
C270:A9 
C278:6D 
C280:66 
C288:64 
C296:C5 
C298:C5 
C2A6:9F 
C2A8:26 
C2B0:64 


LF 
D4 
63 
9c 
FF 
DL 
89 
GE 
2D 
58 
94 
75 
21 
D7 


C2D8:B8 
C2E0:BB 
C2E8: 06 
C2F0:C8 
C2F8:F5 
C300:EC 


C308:E9 


C316:38 
C318:6B 
C320:69 
C328:96 
C33G:FF 
C338:C5 
C346:85 
C348:85 
C358:C8 
C358:05 
C36G:AG 
C368:66 
C376:9F 
C378:FB 
C386:B1 
C388:FB 
C399:BC 
C398:A5 


E6 
CA 
3c 
76 
18 
71 
77 
OF 
7E 
Sif 
89 
BE 
Ol 
8B 
EB 
3c 
FE 
E2 
3c 
4A 
De 
36 
Fl 
99 
GE 


C3FO:AG 
C3F8:00 
C400:9F 
C408:AD 
C416:AD 
C418:C3 


97 
pc 
BE 
Or 
B8 
12 


C426:18 
C428:FC 
C43G:AG 
C438:18 
C440:FE 
C448:AG 
C450:4C 
C458:A5 
C466:69 
C468:98 
C476:B6 
C478:A9 
C486:FD 
C488:D4 
C4986:91 
C498:C5 
C4AG: 46 
C4A8:B9 
C4BG:798 
C4B8:CD 
C4CG:8D 
C4C8:A2 
C4DG:C9 
C4D8:FF 
C4EQ:FF 
C4E8:FF 
C4FO:FE 
C4F8:26 
C590:C9 
C508:FF 
C510:FF 
CS518:FF 
C52G:FF 
C528:206 
C536:C9 
C538:FE 
C540:FF 
C548:FF 
C556:18 
C558:B5 
C569:8D 
C568:DC 
C57G:A9 
C578:D2 
C58G:AG 
C588:AG 
C598:C8 
C598:CD 
C5AG:29 
CS5SA8:61 
C5SBG:CG 
C5B8: 00 
C5C@:7E 
C5C8:3C 
CS5DG:EF 
CS5D8:F7 
CS5EG: 62 
CS5E8:20 
CSFG:1F 
CSF8: 208 
C666:20 
C668: 26 
C61G:26 
C618:1F 
C626:26 
C628:26 
C63G:26 
C638: 26 
C64G:1F 
C648:1F 


C650:26 
C658:20 
C66G:20 
C668:1F 
C67G:1F 
C678:20 
C68G:26 
C688:26 
C69G:1F 
C698:1F 
C6AG: 26 
C6A8: 28 
C6BG: 20 
Cé6éB8:1F 
Cé6CG:1F 
C6C8: 26 
C6DG: 20 
C6D8:26 
C6EG:26 
C6E8:26 
C6FG:26 
C6F8: 26 
C76G:26 
C768:26 
C716:26 
C718:1D 
C726:26 
C728:26 
C730:20 
C738: 26 
C74G:20 
C748: 208 
C75G:26 
C758:26 
C76G:26 
C768:20 
C770:26 
C778:26 
C780:20 
C788: 26 
C796:28 
C798: 28 
C7AG: 2G 
C7A8: 26 
C7BG:26 
C7B8: 26 
C7CG: 26 
C7C8:2G 
C7D8:26 
C7D8:1E 
C7EG:1E 
C7E8:29 
C7EG:45 
C7E8: 26 
C880: 28 
C888:54 
C818:26 
C818:26 
C828:29 
C828:31 
C83G:3A 
C838:20 
C848:31 
C848:28 
C85G:20 
C858:2¢0 
C86G:4A 
C868:54 |: 
C87G:2G 
C878:26 


4P 
20 
28 


C888:53 53 20 42 4F 54 48 20 35 
C888:42 55 54 54 4F 4E 53 28 DA 
C896:54 4F 26 53 54 41 52 54 FO 
C898:47 41 4D 45 20 4F 56 45 4C 
C8AG:52 64 19 OG BB 81 G9 81 31 
C8A8:AG 28 AJ 1F 88 91 FC DG 11 
C8BG:FB 69 A® GB A2 17 AD 1F 5B 
C8B8:91 FC A5 FC 18 69 28 85 13 
C8C@:FC A5 FD 69 6@ 85 FD CA 6D 
C8C8:D8 EC 69 AY 1F AG BB 91 Bl 
C8D@:FB 91 FD 68 A2 G6 38 E8 F8 
C8D8:6A 96 64 EB G5 DO FB 6G 18 
C8EG:AG GG A2 6G Bl FB C9 1F 47 
56 
SF 
9B 
BS 
AE 
3D 
16 
2B} 
3B 
DB 
47 
co 
D8 
38 
4a 
AF 
23 
6D 
27 
c2 
4c 
8c 
42 
67 
64 
c2 
F8 
79 
EE 
36 
DA 
2B 
B9 
28 D2 FF CA D@ FA 60 E6 


@ 
A 
g 
8 
4 
G 
nl 
9) 
1 
E 
9 
E 
9 
@ 
5 
9 
Hh 
B 
iF 
5 
8 
a 
G 
G 
IB 
B 
g 
A 
@ 
5 
g 
B 
i) 


C9FG:2 


Scott Gifford is a GEOS fan who lives 
in Flushing, Michigan. 


HAM ANTENNAS 


By Clifford Hudson 

Designing antennas can be a complex 
yet important part of receiving and trans- 
mitting radio frequency signals for ham ra- 
dio operators and shortwave listeners. 
This article won't go into the theory of an- 
tenna design, but it will help hams and 
SWLs when it comes to constructing a va- 
riety of popular antenna types. 


Entering the Program 
Ham Antennas is a menu-driven pro- 
gram for six different antenna designs. 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE G-35 


PROGRAMS 


It is written entirely in BASIC. To help 
avoid typing errors, use The Automat- 
ic Proofreader; see “Typing Aids” else- 
where in this section. 

Note that lines 3032 and 3034 con- 
tain more than 80 characters. To enter 
these lines, use the BASIC shorthand 
?TAB instead of PRINTTAB and omit 
spaces following the line number. List 
the line, place your cursor anywhere 
on the line, and then press Return to 
get the correct Proofreader checksum. 
Be sure to save a copy of the program 
before exiting Proofreader. 


A Few Terms 
Before we get into the program itself, 
let's clarify a few abbreviations that are 
used in Ham Antennas. 

REF = Reflector. The longest ele- 
ment on quads or Yagis. 
DE = Driven Element. The element 
where coax is attached. 
DR# = Directors 1-4. DR#1 is the ele- 
ment directly ahead of the driven ele- 
ment. 
Z = Impedance. Refers to the imped- 
ance at the feed point. 
RF = Radio Frequency. The power out 
of the final network. 
FMHZ= Frequency in megahertz. 


The Menu 

When you load and run Ham Anten- 
nas, you'll be presented with the follow- 
ing menu. Press the number next to 
the type that you want to construct. 


. Quad 
. Yagi 
. Spacing 
. Dipole 
. Folded Dipole 
. Long Wire 
A. Number of 1/2 wavelengths in 
antenna. 
B. Length of 1/2 wave coax at de- 
sign frequency. 


Oanswn 


After you select any antenna type, 
you'll be asked for the desired operat- 
ing frequency (FMHZ). Enter the fre- 
quency in megahertz and press Re- 
turn. Ham Antennas will take the calcu- 
lations from there and print the results. 


Antenna Tips 
Here's a brief rundown of each anten- 
na. For more detailed information, con- 


G-36 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


sult the American Radio Relay League 
(ARRL) Antenna Handbook. \t is avail- 
able through the ARRL at 225 Main 
Street, Newington, Connecticut 06111. 
The driven element for a quad anten- 
na can be used for loop calculations. 
The impedance (Z) of a loop is about 
100 ohms, so you could use 75-ohm 
coax for feedline and have a transfer of 
1.5 : 1—not bad. The antenna can be 
mounted either vertically or horizontal- 
ly. Feed at the side is vertical polariza- 
tion; feed at the bottom is horizontal. 
Use at least 13-gauge wire or larger to 
compensate for skin effect. Larger 
wire also broad-bands the antenna. 

When designing quads or Yagis, 
use the Spacing selection for all your el- 
ement spacing needs. The program 
handles only one input calculation at a 
time. Here are some figures to use as 
a reference. 

From the reflector to the driven ele- 
ment (REF to DE), the spacing should 
be .15 to .25 wavelengths. From the 
driven element to the first director (DE 
to DR#1), correct spacing is .1 wave- 
lengths. From the second director to 
the fourth director (DR#2 to DR#4), 
spacing should be .2 wavelengths, 
with .4 for every additional director. 
These values appear onscreen when 
you run the program. For reference 
purposes, Ham Antennas uses 984 
times the wavelength divided by the 
frequency. 

The dipole is the easiest and most 
simple antenna to build. Using 468 di- 
vided by the frequency gives us a half 
wavelength. Cut that figure in half and 
attach coax; now jump to selection 6 
(use the B section) to figure the half- 
wave of coax feedline for your dipole. 
Use even numbers of half-wavelengths 
to connect to your radio. It's conven- 
ient to insert coils on each side and 
make a dipole a dual-bander. | recom- 
mend Gazette’s CoilCalc (June 1991) 
as an excellent program for making 
coils. I've used it to extend my 75-me- 
ter loop for the 160-meter band. 

Folded dipoles are full-wavelength 
antennas. These are monoband anten- 
nas only, usually cut from 300-ohm tel- 
evision lead or 75- or 50-ohm coax for 
impedance matching. 

For the long wire antenna selection, 
two inputs are required. The first is the 
odd half-waves followed by the frequen- 


cy. Enter them and press Return. Ham 
Antennas will also give you the half- 
wavelengths in phase at the design 
frequency. 

In closing, keep in mind that what 
looks good on paper isn't always what 
works exactly best in the real world. 
Ham Antennas calculations will be 
close, but you should then fine-tune 
your actual lengths with a standing 
wave ratio bridge. Have fun and 73 
(best regards). 


HAM ANTENNAS 
ME @ REM COPYRIGHT 1992 COMPUT 
E PUBLICATIONSINTL LTD - 
{SPACE}ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 
D 
GOSUB2675:GOTO90G 
PRINT" {CLR}":GOSUB2070:GO 
SUB4091 
PRINTTAB(14)"{3 DOWN}<<-Q 
UAD->>" 
PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: PRINT: P 
RINT: PRINT 
INPUT" {RVS}{6}CENTER FRE 
Q. DENSE 
W=1605/F 
PRINT" {DOWN}ONE WAVELENG 
TH DE":GOSUB4992 
X=W/4 
GOSUB4094:GOSUB4093 
GOSUB4G95:GOSUB4696 
INPUT"{2 DOWN}CENTER FRE 
Q. REF.";F 
W=1035/F 
PRINT" {DOWN}ONE WAVELENG 
TH REF.":GOSUB4692 
X=W/4 
GOSUB4694:GOSUB4093 
GOSUB495:GOSUB4096 
INPUT"{4 DOWN}CENTER FR 
EQ. DR#1";F 
W=995/E 
PRINT" {DOWN}ONE WAVELEN 
GTH DR#1":GOSUB4092 
X=W/4 
GOSUB4694:GOSUB4093 
GOSUB495:GOSUB4096 
INPUT"{2 DOWN}CENTER FR 
EQ.DR#2";F 
W=895/F 
PRINT" {DOWN}ONE WAVELEN 
GTH DR#2":GOSUB4092 
X=W/4 
GOSUB4894:GOSUB4093 
GOSUB4095:GOSUB4096 
INPUT: PRINT" {CLR}" 
GOSUB4998: PRINT" 
{5 DOWN}CHOOSE 1,2" 
GETAS: IFAS=""THEN381 
Q=VAL (A$) : IFQ<10RQ>2THE 
N381 
ONQGOTO2, 906 
IFQ=2THEN ONVGOTO969 
REM ELM SPACING 


AA 160 
DJ 116 
JC 120 
XJ 266 


SH 2106 
XJ 215 


XJ 226 
FA 230 
PM 246 
GB 300 


XR 310 
KA 315 


CS 326 
AM 336 
GQ 346 
AB 364 
GR 388 


DQ 381 
FM 382 


XH 383 
AF 386 
XC 660 


PH 


QB 


AP 


HQ 


AD 


GQ 
PQ 


QH 
HH 


KK 


PS 
FQ 
BH 


661 


662 


663 


604 


610 
620 


630 
645 
656 


655 
669 
665 
676 
675 
686 
685 
696 
708 
765 
716 


715 


726 


725 


736 


TENS) 
746 


745 
756 


752 


755 
765 


776 
771 


772 


774 
THs) 
777 


PRINT" {CLR}":PRINTTAB (1 
1)"{DOWN}<- ANT. ELM SP 
ACING ->" 

PRINT "{DOWN}1.YAGI REF 
TO DE USE .15 OR .25": 
PRINT "{DOWN}2.DE-DR#1 
{SPACE}USE .1" 

PRINT "{DOWN}3.DR'S 2,3 
14, USE .2":PRINT " 
{DOWN}4.EA ADD DR'S, US 

BE 4" 

PRINT "{DOWN}5.EA ADD D 
R'S 1% LESS THAN PRECEE 

DING DIRECTOR" 

INPUT"{3 DOWN}CHOICE OF 
SPACING";A 

INPUT" {DOWN}DESIGN FREQ 


MHZ.=";F 
K=984 
W=(K/EF)*A 


PRINT W"FEET":PRINT W*1 
2" INCHES" 
FORT=1T01600:NEXT 
GOSUB4097 

INPUT 

GOSUB 4698 

GOSUB4999 

GETA$: IFAS$="""THEN680 
X=VAL (A$) 
ONXGOTO6G6 , 900 

GOSUB 2610 

PRINT" {CLR}":GOSUBO4691 
PRINTTAB(11)"{1} 

{3 DOWN}<~ YAGI ELEMENT 
s ->" 

INPUT"{3 DOWN}CENTER FR 
EQ REF: ";F 

W=510/F 

PRINT"{2 DOWN}LENGTH OF 
REF ELM:":PRINTW" FEET" 
: PRINTW*12" INCHES" 
PRINT"{2 DOWN}FROM CENT 

ER OF BOOM:":PRINTW"FEE 

T": PRINTW*12/2" INCHES" 
X=W 

INPUT"{3 DOWN}CENTER FR 
EQ DE:";F 

W=473/F 

PRINT" {2 DOWN}LENGTH OF 
DE:": PRINTW" FEET"; PRIN 

TW*12" INCHES" 

PRINT"{2 DOWN}FROM CENT 

ER OF BOOM:":PRINTW/2"F 

EET": PRINTW*12/2" INCHES 
" 


X=W 
INPUT"{3 DOWN}CENTER FR 
EQ DR#1:";F 

W=445/F 

PRINT" {DOWN}LENGTH OF D 
R#1:":PRINTW"FEET": PRIN 

TW*12" INCHES" 

PRINT" {DOWN}FROM CENTER 
OF BOOM:":PRINTW"FEET" 
: PRINTW*12/2" INCHES" 

GOSUB4697 

INPUT 

GOSUB4698:GOSUB4699 


CK 


HP 


PB 


HF 


786 
785 
796 
806 
826 
824 


825 
830 


835 
848 
845 
860 
875 
886 
885 


988 
965 


916 


915 


917 
918 
919 
926 
92 
925 


926 
2%, 


928 
9396 
935 
946 
945 
956 


955 


GETAS: IFAS=""THEN780 
X=VAL (A$) 
ONXGOTO766 , 966 
GOSUB2615: PRINT" {CLR}": 
GOSUB4691 
PRINTTAB(13)"{3 DOWN}<- 
DIPOLE ->" 
INPUT"{5 DOWN}CENTER FR 
EQ MHZ:";F 
W=468/E 
PRINT" {DOWN}ONE HALF WA 
VE DIPOLE:":GOSUB4992 
PRINT" {DOWN}1/4 WAVE EA 
SIDE: ":PRINTW/2"FEET": 
PRINTW*12" INCHES" 
X=W/2 
GOSUB4097: INPUT: PRINT" 
{CLR}" 
GOSUB4898:GOSUB4999 
GETAS$: IFA$=""THEN875 
X=VAL (AS) 
ONXGOTO8G6 , 968 
GOSUB 2056 
PRINT" {CLR}": PRINTTAB (1 
2) "{BLK}{DOWN}< MAIN ME 
NU > ":PRINTTAB(19)" 
{DOWN} ANTENNA BUILDER 
{2 SPACES}" 
PRINTTAB (11) "{DOWN} PROG 
RAM CHOICES": PRINTTAB (5 
)"€8}{DOWN}1.QUAD": PRIN 
TTAB(5)"2.YAGI" 
PRINTTAB (5) "3.SPACING": 
PRINTTAB(5)"4,DIPOLE":P 
RINTTAB(5)"5.FOLDED DIP 
OLE" 
PRINTTAB(5)"6.LONG WIRE 
" 


PRINTTAB(6)"A.# 1/2 WAV 
ES IN PHASE" 
PRINTTAB(6)"B.LENGTH OF 
1/2 WAVE COAX" 
PRINTTAB(6)"{DOWN}USE # 
3 FOR ALL ANT" 
PRINTTAB(6) "SPACING CAL 
ULATIONS" 
PRINT" {3 DOWN}CHOOSE 1, 
2,3,4,5,6" 
GETAS: IFAS=""THEN926 
X=VAL (AS) : IFX<1ORX>6THE 
N926 
ONXGOTO2, 766,600 ,800,30 
86,4000 
IFX=1 GOTO 2{3 
REM QUAD 
IFX=2 GOTO 


SPACES}: 


769 :REM YAG 
I 

IFX=3 GOTO 
CING 

IFX=4 GOTO 
OLE 

IFX=5 GOTO 
D DIPOLE 
IFX=6 GOTO 
G WIRE 


660 :REM SPA 


806 :REM DIP 
30686:REM FOL 


4000:REM LON 


20196 POKE 53281,PEEK(53281) 


AND248 OR 233:PRINT" 
{BLK}":RETURN 


sc 


DB 


FR 


PK 


PQ 


EE 


QA 


HG 


EC 


KS 


2015 


2046 


20598 


2078 


2675 
3906 
3065 
3066 
3069 
3016 
3015 
3026 


3021 
3624 
3636 
3632 


3033 


3634 


3636 


3040 
3055 
3066 
3065 
4008 
4005 


4606 


4667 


46196 


4013 


4615 


POKE 53281,PEEK (53281) 
OR 7:PRINT"{BLK}":RETU 
RN 
POKE 53281, PEEK (53281) 
AND 328 OR 233:PRINT" 
{WHT }":RETURN 
POKE 53280,14:POKE5328 
1,14:PRINT" {CLR} {WHT}" 
: RETURN 
POKE53280, PEEK (53281)A 
ND2480R233:PRINT"{6}": 
RETURN 
POKE 53281,PEEK(53281) 
AND4@2 OR 160:RETURN 
GOSUB2040:GOSUB4691 
PRINT" {CLR}": PRINTTAB ( 
11)"{2 DOWN}<<<-WIRE A 
NTENNAS->>>" 
PRINTTAB(9)"{3 DOWN}<- 
FOLDED DIPOLE ->" 
INPUT"{5 DOWN}CENTER F 
REQ MHZ: "; 
W=1005/F 
PRINT" {DOWN}ONE WAVE L 
ENGTH OVER ALL":GOSUB4 
692 
PRINT" {DOWN}1/4 WAVE E 
A SIDE:":PRINTW/2"FEET 
": PRINTW/2*12" INCHES" 
X=W/2 
GOSUB 4097 
INPUT: PRINT" {CLR}" 
PRINTTAB (2) "{DOWN}1.WI 
RE ANT WORK WELL AT 36 
FT. BEST AT{4 SPACES} 
THEIR RESONANT FREQ. 
PRINTTAB(4) "1/2 WAVE A 
BOVE GROUND." 
PRINTTAB(2)"{DOWN}2. M 
ULTIBAND ANT'S 1/2 WAV 
E AT LOWEST{4 SPACES}F 
REQ. OPEN WIRE FEED" 
GOSUB4097: INPUT: PRINT" 
{CLR}" 
GOSUB4098:GOSUB4699 
GETAS: IFAS=""THEN3055 
X=VAL (A$) 
ONXGOT03000,900 
GOSUB 2075:GOSUB4091 
V=2:PRINT"{CLR}": PRINT 
TAB(1G)"{DOWN} - WIRE 
{SPACE}ANTENNAS -" 
PRINTTAB (11) "{DOWN} 
{3 SPACES}- LONG WIRE 
{SPACE}-~{3 SPACES}" 
PRINTTAB (7) "{DOWN} 
{2 SPACES}~ HARMONIC A 
NTENNAS ~{2 SPACES}" 
PRINT "{DOWN}1.CUT WIR 
E ODD 1/2 WAVES AT LOW 
EST{8 SPACES}FREQ YOU 
{SPACE}WILL WORK" 
PRINT "{DOWN}2.HAVE GO 
OD EARTH GND AND A 4:1 
BALUM(5 SPACES}IN TUN 
ER" 
PRINT "{DOWN}3.ELECTRI 
AL LENGTH OF HARMONIC 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE G-37 


PROGRAMS 


EK 


QD 


JQ 


GM 


PA 


KP 


PB 


BG 


EC 


ES 


DQ 


MF 


G-38 


4020 


4623 


4024 


4625 


4627 


4628 


4629 


4036 
4635 
4037 
4045 
4047 
4048 


4649 
4056 


4658 


4059 


40668 


4862 
4065 
4086 
4085 
4096 
4691 
4092 


4693 


4694 
4695 


4096 


{SPACE} ANTENNAS" 
PRINT" {DOWN}1/2 WAVELE 
NGTH COAX" 
PRINT" {DOWN}1.ALL BAND 
INVERTED VEE'S.":PRIN 
T"{DOWN}2.LONG WIRES, 
{SPACE}HAVE VERY HI Z. 
" 


PRINT" {DOWN}WHERE Z IS 
IN REFERENCE TO IMPED 
ANCE" 
PRINT"THE LOAD GIVES T 
O THE FEEDLINE AT A FR 
EQ" 
GOSUB4097: INPUT: PRINT" 
{CLR}" 
INPUT" {RVS} {CYN} 
{3 DOWN}NUMBER OF ODD 
{SPACE}1/2 WAVELENGTH= 
{2 SPACES}";N 
INPUT" {RVS} {GRN} {DOWN} 
LOWEST FREQ IN MHZ. 
{2 SPACES}";F 
K=492 
W=(K/F) *N-.@5 
PRINT" {RVS} {YEL} {DOWN} 
LENGTH OF LONG WIRE":G 
OSUB4692 
PRINT" {RED} {RVS} {DOWN} 
FREQ IN MHZ. "F 
K=984 
L=W 
X=F* (L)+.625 
PRINT" {RVS}{1}{DOWN}LE 
NGTH OF WIRE IN FEET" 
{SPACE}W 
PRINTX/936"NUMBER OF W 
AVELENGTHS": PRINTX/468 
"NUMBER OF 1/2 WAVELEN 
GTHS" 
INPUT" {RVS}{6}COAX VEL 
OCITY FACTOR"; V 
PRINT" {DOWN}"492/F*V/1 
2"{16 LEFT} {DOWN}=1/2 
{SPACE}WAVE COAX AT DE 
SIGN FREQ IN FEET" 
GOSUB4097: INPUT: PRINT" 
{CLR}" 
GOSUB4698 : GOSUB4099 
GETAS$: IFAS=""THEN4G8G 
V=VAL (A$) 
ONVGOTO 4800, 900:END 
PRINT"{CLR}":RETURN  * 
PRINTW"FEET" : PRINTW*12 
" INCHES" :RETURN 
PRINT" {DOWN}1/4 WAVE E 
A SIDE":PRINT W/4"FEET 
“;PRINT W*12/4" INCHES" 
+RETURN 
L=SQR ((X*X) + (X*X) /X*X) 
:RETURN 
PRINT" {DOWN}TOTAL WIDT 
H ACROSS SPREADERS":PR 
INTL"FEET": PRINTL*12"1 
NCHES": RETURN 
PRINT" {DOWN}DRILL HOLE 
FRM CNTR BOOM": PRINTL 
/2"PEET": PRINTL*12/2"1 


COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


NCHES": RETURN 

4997 PRINT" {DOWN}{RVS} {6} 
PRESS RETURN ":RETURN 

4698 PRINT" {CLR}": PRINTTAB( 
8)"{DOWN}1.CALC AGAIN? 
":PRINTTAB (8) "{DOWN}2. 
MAIN MENU": RETURN 

4099 PRINT"{4 DOWN}CHOOSE 1 
OR 2":RETURN 

5010 END 


RF 


XA 


FX 


KK 


Clifford Hudson, KG6PD, is a ham ra- 
dio operator in Hesperia, California. 


BATTLESHIP 128 


By Donald G. Klich 

Probably every schoolchild has played 
the game Battleship using grids drawn 
on a piece of paper. The object of the 
game is to place four ships secretly on 
your grid while your opponent does the 
same. Then by alternately calling out sal- 
vos of three grid locations, you try to 
sink your opponent's navy. 

Problems with the paper version can 
occur when an opponent sneaks a look 
at the other's grid. Another problem 
comes when an opponent scores a hit 
and the other person winces, uninten- 
tionally giving away a ship's location, Bat- 
tleship 128 is a computerized version for 
the 128 that updates the old pencil-and- 
paper favorite. 


Typing It In 
Battleship 128 is written entirely in 
BASIC 7.0. To help avoid typing errors, 
enter the program with The Automatic 
Proofreader; see “Typing Aids” else- 
where in this section. REM instructions 
starting with line 180 are included for 
those readers who enjoy program anal- 
ysis. These remarks can be omitted if 
desired. 

Battleship 128 remembers where 
the players locate their ships and pro- 
duces separate screens depicting 
each player's progress. When a hit is 
scored, the program doesn't reveal ex- 
actly where it occurred, but displays 
the entire salvo as possible hits. This 
makes the game more interesting. 
When a ship is sunk, it is identified and 
displayed in red. 

Some simple sounds and colors 
have been added to make the comput- 
er version more appealing. As an aid 
to your gunnery, listen carefully to the 
sounds of your hits and use them with 


some basic reasoning to gain a slight 
advantage over your opponent. 


BATTLESHIP 128 


FK 16 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 -~ COM 
PUT PUBLICATIONS INTL LT 
D - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
REM BY DONALD G. KLICH 
GRAPHICG,1:PRINTSPC(12)" 
{5 DOWN}SETTING UP" 

DIM B1(2,2) ,B2(2,2,2) ,B3 

(2,3,2) ,B4(2,4,2) ,S$(2,4 

5,2) ,SH(3),G(2,4) ,T (45,4 

) ENVELOPE9,8,4,4,10,3:V 

OL9 

FORI=1T02:FORJ=1T045:S$( 

Tpd pd) =n Msssi(lyu 2) =" " 

:NEXT : NEXT 

FORI=0T04:FORJ=1T09:T (I* 

9+3,1)=1+4*I:7 (1*9+3,2)= 

4*14+4:7 (1*94+3,3) =6+16*3: 

T(I*9+3,4) =32*1+36:NEXT: 

NEXT 

GRAPHICG,1:PLAY"V1lO2TGHC 

QEG.AIEQARO3HCQD02GO3HCR 

":VOLG:VOL10:FORP=1T02 

GRAPHICG,1:COLORG,1:COLO 

R1,2:COLOR2,4:COLOR3,3:C 

OLOR4,1 

PRINT" {DOWN} {GRN} 

{13 SPACES}BATTLESHIP 12 

8{2 DOWN}" 

100 PRINT" {WHT}PLAYER{YEL}" 
P"{WHT}ENTER YOUR BOAT 
{SPACE} POSITIONS.":PRIN 
T"{2 DOWN}EXAMPLES:":PR 
INTSPC(9)"BOAT 1 = D,4 
{5 SPACES}OR":PRINTSPC( 
9)"BOAT 3 = C,3,D,4,E,5 
" 


26 
36 


AQ 
sp 


BS 4G 


Qs 56 


PA 66 


DP 79 


KS 80 


CA 96 


FK 


MA 110 PRINT"{DOWN}USE RETURN 
{SPACE}AFTER ENTERING E 
ACH BOAT":PRINT"EVEN TH 
OUGH ENTRIES ARE BLANKE 
D OUT": PRINT" {DOWN}BOAT 
S ARE LENGTHS 1 TO 4 AN 
D CAN BE" 
PRINT"VERTICAL, HORIZON 
TAL, OR DIAGONAL": PRINT 
:PRINT"SHOTS ARE MADE S 
IMILAR TO BOAT3 ABOVE." 
PRINT"THOSE THAT ALL MI 
SS ARE SHOWN AS {RVS}WH 
ITE{OFF}":PRINT"IF ANY 
{SPACE}ARE HITS, ALL AR 
E SHOWN AS {RVS}{CYN}BL 
UE{OFF} {wHT}" 
PRINT"SUNK BOATS ARE SH 
OWN IN {RVS}{RED}RED 
{WHT} {OFF}" 
PRINT"{3 DOWN} 
{3 SPACES}HIT ANY KEY W 
HEN READY TO START" 
GETAS: IFAS=""THEN16G 
GosuB59¢ 
REM LOAD BOAT LOCATIONS 
FOR EACH PLAYER 


MX 126 


Qc 136 


FR 


146 


RG 


XG 
Qs 
SP 


166 


186 


AK 


HJ 


cc 


MP 


HJ 


MF 


SM 


cP 


MQ 
FF 


RX 


cc 


SH 


FB 


XF 


QQ 


MS 


MR 


198 


208 


216 


226 


230 


240 


2598 
264 


276 
280 


290 


366 
316 


326 


336 


346 


356 


366 


INPUT" {WHT}ENTER LOCATI 
ON OF BOAT 1{BLK}";HS,V 
:GOSUB500: IFE=1THEN196: 
ELSEB1(P,1)=L 
PRINTSPC (18) "{WHT }BOAT 
{SPACE}2{BLK}":INPUTHS, 
V,B$,B:GOSUB500:IFE=1TH 
EN200:ELSEB2(P,1,1)=L:H 
$=B$:V=B:GOSUB5@@:IFE=1 
THEN200:ELSEB2(P,2,1)=L 
PRINTSPC (18) "{WHT}BOAT 
{SPACE}3{BLK}":INPUTHS, 
V,BS$,B,C$,C:GOSUB506:IF 
E=1THEN210:ELSEB3(P,1,1 
) =L:H$=B$:V=B 
GOSUB50@:IFE=1THEN210:E 
LSEB3(P,2,1) =L:H$=C$:V= 
C:GOSUB500: IFE=1THEN210 
tELSEB3(P,3,1)=L 
PRINTSPC (18) "{WHT}BOAT 
{SPACE}4{BLK}":INPUTHS, 
V,BS,B,C$,C,D$,D:GOSUB5 
06: IFE=LTHEN230:ELSE:B4 
(P,1,1) =L:H$=B$:V=B:GOS 
UB500 
IFE=1THEN230:ELSEB4 (P,2 
, 1) =L:H$=C$:V=C:GOSUB56 
G: [FE=1THEN230:ELSEB4 (P 
13,1) =L:H$=D$:V=D:GOSUB 
569: [FE=LTHEN239 
B4(P,4,1)=L:NEXTP:P=1:Q 
=2:PRINT"{WHT}" 
REM ACCEPT 3 SHOTS AND 
{SPACE}STORE IN TEMP AR 
EA "SH (3)" 
GOSUB59@:GOSUB530:CHARL 
114,0,CHRS (48+P) 
PRINT"PLAYER "+CHRS$ (48+ 
P)+", TAKE 3 SHOTS";:IN 
PUTHS$,V,BS,B,C$,C:GOSUB 
500: 1 FE=1THEN280:ELSESH 
(1) =L:HS=B$:V=B:GOSUB5@ 
G6: IFE=1THEN280 
SH (2) =L:HS=C$:V=C:GOSUB 
500: 1FE=1THEN280:ELSESH 
(3)=L 
REM CHECK BOATS FOR HIT 
s 
HT=6:FORI=1T03: IFSH (I) = 
B1(Q,1)THENB1(Q,2)=1:HT 
=1:PLAY"T9G" 
NEXT: FORI=1T03:FORJ=1T0 
2: IFSH (I) =B2(Q,J,1) THEN 
B2(Q,J,2)=1:HT=1:PLAY"T 
9c" 
NEXT: NEXT: FORI=1T03:FOR 
J=1T03:IFSH (I) =B3(Q,J,1 
) THENB3(Q,J,2)=1:HT=1:P 
LAY"T9G" 
NEXT: NEXT: FORI=1T03:FOR 
J=1T04:IFSH(I)=B4(Q,J,1 
) THENB4 (Q,J,2)=1:HT=1:P 
LAY"T9G" 
REM CHANGE SHOTS TO POS 
SIBLE HIT COLOR IFA HIT 
RECORDED 
NEXT: NEXT: IFHT=1THENFOR 
I=1T03:S$(P,SH(I),1)="2 


XB 


KD 


AJ 


MB 


DG 


CE 


GI 


HP 


HG 


376 


388 


398 


465 


416 


426 


436 
446 


456 


460 


479 
486 


496 


586 


519 
520 
536 
546 
556 
560 
578 


589 
599 


609 


":S$(P,SH(I) ,2)="2":NEX 
he 
IFHT=GTHENFORI=1T03:S$ ( 
P,SH(I),1)="1":S$(P,SH( 
I) ,2)="-":NEXT 

REM CHECK IF ANY BOAT C 
OMPLETELY SUNK, TURN BO 
AT SQUARES RED 
IFB1(Q, 2) =1THENSS$(P,B1( 
Q,1),1)="3"2S$(P,B1(Q,1 
),2)="1"2G(Q,1)=1 
IFB2(Q,1,2)=1ANDB2(Q,2, 
2) =1THENFORI=1T02:S$(P, 
B2(Q,I,1),1)="3":S$(P,B 
2(Q,I,1) ,2)="2":NEXT:G ( 
Q,2)=1 

IFB3 (Q,1,2)=lANDB3(Q,2, 
2) =LANDB3(Q,3,2) =1THENF 
ORI=1T03:S$(P,B3(Q,I,1) 
71)="3":S$(P,B3(Q,I,1), 
2)="3":NEXT:G(Q,3)=1 
IFB4(Q,1,2)=1ANDB4 (Q,2, 
2) =1ANDB4 (Q,3,2) =1ANDB4 
(Q,4,2)=1THENFORI=1T04: 
S$(P,B4(Q,I,1),1)="3":s 
$(P,B4(Q,1,1),2)="4":NE 
XT:G(Q,4)=1 

REM CHECK IF ALL BOATS 
{SPACE} SUNK 
GOSUB536:1FG(Q,1)+G(Q,2 
)+G6(Q,3)+G(Q,4) <>4THEN4 
6a 
PLAY"V103T8ICCCDCQDWE": 
PRINT"PLAYER "+CHR$ (48+ 
P)+" HAS WON THE WAR!.. 
+ -AGAIN?":GETKEYAS: IFAS 
="Y"THENRUN: ELSEEND 
PRINT"{6 SPACES}PRESS A 
NY KEY TO CONTINUE" 
GETAS: IFAS=""THEN476 
:Q=1:GOT027 
@:ELSEP=1:Q=2:GOT0276 
REM CONVERT HOR AND VER 
T TO SQUARE # 
E=@0:1FHS>"I"ORHS<"A"ORV 
<1ORV>5THENE=1:SOUND1,4 
666,10:RETURN 
L=((V-1) *9) +ASC (HS) ~64: 
RETURN | 

REM PRINT GAME RECORD I 


N GRID 

FORI=1T045 
IFS$(P,I,1)="_ “THEN57@ 
CHARI,T(I,1) ,T(I,2) ,S$( 
P,I,2) 


CIRCLEVAL (S$(P,1I,1)) ,T( 
1,3) ,T(1,4) 54744498 
NEXT: RETURN 

REM DRAW GRID 
GRAPHIC4,1,23:FORI=8TO8 
:CHAR1,5+(1I*4) ,1,CHRS (6 
5+I) :NEXT:BOX1,14,26,15 
8,180:FORI=6T04:CHAR1,1 
74+ (1*4) ,CHRS (49+1) :NEX 
uy 
FORI=52TO148STEP32:DRAW 
1,14,1T0158,I:NEXT:FORI 
=36T0142STEP16:DRAW1,I1, 


20TOI,186:NEXT:CHAR1,6, 
G,"PLAYER #"+CHRS (48+P) 
+"'S SCREEN": RETURN 


Donald G. Klich, the author of Railroad 
Solitaire (Gazette Disk bonus, July 
1992) lives in Mt. Prospect, Illinois. 


SPEEDRAM-64 


By Frank Gordon 

Wouldn't it be convenient if you could use 
SpeedScript with the 1764 RAM expan- 
sion unit (REV) or two drives? Well, you 
can with Speedram-64. 

This BASIC utility converts COM- 
PUTE’s word processor into Speedram- 
64, allowing you to change the drive num- 
ber from within the program to either 8 or 
9. You can also customize the program 
torun SpeedScript with your favorite back- 
ground and text colors already loaded. 


Typing It In 


To help avoid typing errors, enter the 
BASIC loader with The Automatic Proof- 
reader; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in 
this section. Numerous REM state- 
ments help explain the program, but 
they may be omitted if you prefer. Be 
sure to save a copy of the converter 
(Speedram.cvt) before you exit Proof- 
reader. 


Creating Speedram-64 
In order to modify your version of 
SpeedScript, follow these steps. 


1. Load and run SpeedScript. 

2. Select your favorite background and 
text colors with Ctrl+B and Ctrl+L. 

3. Exit SpeedScript by tapping the Re- 
store key and responding to the 
prompt by pressing Y. 

4. Type POKE44,40; POKE10240,0: 
NEW and press Return. This will pro- 
tect SpeedScript's BASIC area. 

5. Load but don't run Speedram.cvt 
with a ,8 extension. 

6. Insert a work disk onto which you 
want to store Speedram-64. Enter RUN 
and press Return. 


The converter will run and save the mod- 
ified version of SpeedScript to disk 
with the filename Speedram-64. When 
the utility finishes saving the program, 
turn your computer off and then back 
on before using Speedram. 


DECEMBER 1992 COMPUTE G-39 


PROGRAMS 


Using Speedram-64 

If you have a 1764 REU, install it and 
initialize it as drive 9. At this point you 
may also wish to copy any 
SpeedScript programs to the 1764. If 
not, return to the 1764 menu and quit. 
Now load and run Speedram-64 like 
any BASIC program. Your familiar 
SpeedScript screen should appear in 
the colors that you selected. 

You can test Speedram-64 by press- 
ing Ctrl+N (for drive 9) and then 
Ctrl+4 for a directory. You should get a 
rapid listing of any files stored in the 
REU (or on drive 9, if you have two 
drives). Press Ctrl+Y (for drive 8), and 
Ctrl+4 will list programs from that 
drive. Also, when you press Ctrl+N or 
Ctrl+Y, the drive number appears on 
the command line. Shift from one 
drive to the other in this rapid manner 
to load or save SpeedScript files. 


How Speedram-64 Works 

You may be interested in knowing how 
Speedram-64 works. | used the list of 
pokes that change the drive number in 
“Modifying SpeedScript” (July 1992) 
and followed Jonathan Bell’s machine 
language notes in his Word Count pro- 
gram on COMPUTE's SpeedScript 
disk. 

Bell describes how to create new 
SpeedScript utilities that rely on unim- 
plemented Ctrl+key combinations. 
POKE2854,114; POKE 2855,36 will 
shift control to 9330 ($2472) for unused 
Ctrl+key combinations, and here the AS- 
Cll value of the accumulator can be 
compared to the new Ctrl+key. 

For example, 14 and 25 in line 60 
are the ASCII values of Ctrl+N and 
Ctrl+Y. You can replace these with 
your own Ctrl+key combinations if 
these are not used by SpeedScript. 

It is important that any section of a 
new routine end with JMP 2665 
($0A69) to return control to 
SpeedScript. To keep the drive num- 
ber on the command line, however, | in- 
serted another wedge from 2665 to 
2670 (JMP 9395:NOP:NOP)_ into 
SpeedScript’s main loop and ended 
each new section with a JMP back to 
2670 ($0AGE). 


SPEEDRAM.CVT 


EQ 16 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 - COM 
PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L 


G-40 COMPUTE DECEMBER 1992 


TD - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
BS 15 FOR I=9338 TO 9411:READA 
: POKEI,A:B=B+A:NEXTI 
PA 26 IFB<>7836 THEN PRINT"ERR 
OR IN DATA STATEMENTS":S 


TOP 

DQ 25 REM - INSERT JMP 9330 ($ 
2472) - 

AK 306 POKE2854,114:POKE2855, 36 
: POKE9076,0 


BX 35 REM ~ INSERT WEDGE AT 26 
65-2670 (SGA69-SGA6E) - 

CE 48 POKE2665,76:POKE2666,179 
: POKE2667, 36: POKE2668, 23 
4:POKE2669,234 

AJ 45 REM -~ RETURN TO BASIC AR 
EA AND SAVE MODIFIED SPE 
EDCRIPT - 

AS 58 POKE43,1:POKE44,8:POKE45 
1196: POKE46, 36: SAVE"SPEE 
DRAM-64",8 

CP 55 REM ~ COMPARE ACC TO CTR 
L-KEY VALUES AND BRANCH 
{SPACE}TO EIGHT OR NINE 

EF 60 DATA 201,25,240,7,201,14 
1240,16 

AQ 65 REM ~ IF NO MATCH JUMP T 
O WEDGE 

DP 70 DATA 76,187,36 

RR 75, REM ~ IF BIGHT, LDA #8 A 
ND JSR TO STORE, PRINT 8 

THEN JUMP TO WEDGE ~ 

QC 84 DATA 169,8,32,151,36,169 
756 

DR 85 DATA 141,39,4,76,187,36 

AF 90 REM ~ IF NINE, LDA #9 AN 
D JSR TO STORE, PRINT 9 
{SPACE}THEN JUMP TO WEDG 
Bie 

MS 95 DATA 169,9,32,151,36,169 

EF 166 DATA 57,141,39,4,76,187 

136 
EG 165 REM ~ STORE VALUES OF E 
IGHT OR NINE - 
JB 119 DATA 141,235,18,141,44 
GM 115 DATA 19,141,154,26,141, 


CP 128 DATA 22,141,79,23,141,2 
JC 125 DATA 24,141,227,26,141, 


CG 136 DATA 27,141,161,27,96 

FK 135 REM ~— GET LAST DEVICE A 
ND PUT ON COMMAND LINE 
{SPACE}~ 

PE 140 DATA 165,186,24,105,48, 
141,39,4 

EH 145 REM - WEDGE, INSERT COM 
MANDS REPLACED AT 2665- 
2676 AND RETURN TO 26706 


FC 158 DATA 166,0,146,113,36 
PJ 155 DATA 76,116,16,0 


Frank Gordon is the author of Graphos 
(April 1992). He used MetaBASIC to 
help develop Speedram-64, and he 
lives in Orono, Maine. a 


ONLY ON DISK 


Here are the bonus programs that you'll 
find on this month's Gazette Disk. 


Lodraw 

By Robert Quinn 
Wagga Wagga, NSW 
Australia 


Lodraw is a full-featured low-resolution 
drawing and painting program that uses 
all of the 64's alphanumeric and graph- 
ic keyboard characters. Much more. 


SpeedCalc Help 
By Randy Clemmons 
San Diego, CA 


Have you ever run SpeedCalc, Gazette's 
spreadsheet, only to realize that you've 
forgotten several of its important com- 
mands? SpeedCalc Help displays those 
commands on the spreadsheet screen. 


The December Gazette Disk is only 
$9.95 plus $2.00 shipping and handling. 
Order it by writing to Gazette Disk, COM- 
PUTE Publications, 324 West Wendover 
Avenue, Suite 200, Greensboro, North 
Carolina 27408. 


TYPING AIDS 


MLX, our machine language entry pro- 
gram for the 64 and 128, and The Auto- 
matic Proofreader are utilities that help 
you type in Gazette programs without 
making mistakes. To make room for 
more programs, we no longer include 
these labor-saving utilities in every is- 
sue, but they can be found on each Ga- 
zette Disk and are printed in all issues 
of Gazette through June 1990. 

If you don't have access to a 
back issue or to one of our disks, write 
to us, and we'll send you printed cop- 
ies of both of these handy programs. 
We'll also include instructions on how 
to type in Gazette programs. Please en- 
close a self-addressed, stamped enve- 
lope. Send a self-addressed, stamped 
disk mailer to receive these programs 
on disk. 

Write to Typing Aids, COMPUTE's 
Gazette, 324 West Wendover Avenue, 
Suite 200, Greensboro, North Carolina 
27408.
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